https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/nature-photo-galleries/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/landscape-photography-oceans-beaches-bays/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/landscape-photography-mountains-valleys-hills/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/landscape-photography-waterfalls-lakes-and-rivers/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/landscape-photography-forests-trees-wildflowers/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/landscape-photography-fall-color-and-leaves/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/landscape-photography-deserts-canyons-arches/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/landscape-photography-winter-snow-and-ice/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/landscape-photography-swamps-and-marshes/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/landscape-photography-clouds-skies-stars-moon/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/landscape-photography-man-and-nature/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/landscape-photography-panoramas/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/wildlife-photography--from-around-the-world/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/wildlife-photography--africa/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/wildlife-photography-reptiles-amphibians-and-insects/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/wildlife-photography--african-predators/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/wildlife-photography--birds/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/wildlife-photography--panoramas/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/wildlife-photography-black-and-white/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/black-and-white-landscapes/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/mammals-of-the-americas/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/humorous/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/cute-and-cuddly/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/graphicabstact/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/misc-photos-searchable/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/brown-bears/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/about-gallery/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/recent-upload/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/a-taste-of-the-low-country/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/south-american-wildlife/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/blog/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/rocky-mountains-bighorn-sheep/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/bighorn-sheep/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/north-am-wildlife/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/gallery/african-wildlife/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/page/about/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/page/prints/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1601/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1785-HDR.jpg Sunrise over the Hammock and Salt Marsh The salt marsh-tidal creek ecosystem is a highly productive coastal wetland. As an intertidal habitat, the surface of the salt marsh is under water at high tide and dry at low tide. The are generally found along the flanks and behind barrier islands. Closer to the ocean these salt marshes and tidal creeks are saltier, but the salinity varies greatly depending on tidal stage, amount of rainfall, and the size and flow of the river system that drains into it.Marsh hammocks are islands in the middle of the salt marsh. They vary greatly in size and play an important role in the nesting and feeding of wildlife, and provide refuges during high tides. Plant life on a marsh hammock can be diverse. A small hammock may support only a few small live oaks, while larger hammocks support maritime forest communities with live oak, wax myrtle, saw palmetto, yaupon holly and many other plant species. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1600/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1770-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE.jpg Start of a New Day at Boneyard Beach Boneyard beaches form in areas with soft sediment, high wave energy, and a history of changing shoreline dynamics. Coastal erosion gradually eats away at a shoreline, leaving behind the bleached and weathered skeletons of the trees of the maritime forest that once stood there. The primary cause is the constant erosion of the shoreline by waves and currents, exacerbated by storms, which gradually removes sand and exposes the roots of trees that were once further inland. As the shoreline recedes, the trees near the edge die, as they are often unable to adapt, leaving behind their decaying trunks. The exposed dead wood is further weathered by the sun, salt spray, wind, and sand, which bleaches and smooths the wood, giving it a skeletal appearance. Yet even after their death the trees are important to the maritime environment. Their skeletal remains help hold together the beachfront, with in turn protects the marsh that lies just inland. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1599/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1728_PSE.jpg Dawn at Boneyard Beach Boneyard beaches form in areas with soft sediment, high wave energy, and a history of changing shoreline dynamics. Coastal erosion gradually eats away at a shoreline, leaving behind the bleached and weathered skeletons of the trees of the maritime forest that once stood there. The primary cause is the constant erosion of the shoreline by waves and currents, exacerbated by storms, which gradually removes sand and exposes the roots of trees that were once further inland. As the shoreline recedes, the trees near the edge die, as they are often unable to adapt, leaving behind their decaying trunks. The exposed dead wood is further weathered by the sun, salt spray, wind, and sand, which bleaches and smooths the wood, giving it a skeletal appearance. Yet even after their death the trees are important to the maritime environment. Their skeletal remains help hold together the beachfront, with in turn protects the marsh that lies just inland. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1598/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1674_PSE_PSE-2_PSE.jpg Salt marsh at Dawn The sun rises over the spartina-dominated salt marsh. Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) is a native grass that is pervasive in South Carolina's half a million acres of salt estuaries and coastal zones. It thrives in wet salt marshes under full sun, and can grow up to five feet tall. Spartina protects the shore from erosion, filters pollutants from entering the ocean, and can spread and become a monoculture meadow. It forms a sheltered habitat for juvenile fish and crustaceans, and its seeds are a food resource for some songbirds. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1597/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1650-Pano_PSE-2-1_PSE-2.jpg Spartina Sunrise The sun rises over the spartina-dominated salt marsh. Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) is a native grass that is pervasive in South Carolina's half a million acres of salt estuaries and coastal zones. It thrives in wet salt marshes under full sun, and can grow up to five feet tall. Spartina protects the shore from erosion, filters pollutants from entering the ocean, and can spread and become a monoculture meadow. It forms a sheltered habitat for juvenile fish and crustaceans, and its seeds are a food resource for some songbirds. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1596/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1617.jpg Dawn at the Salt Marsh The sun rises over the spartina-dominated salt marsh. Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) is a native grass that is pervasive in South Carolina's half a million acres of salt estuaries and coastal zones. It thrives in wet salt marshes under full sun, and can grow up to five feet tall. Spartina protects the shore from erosion, filters pollutants from entering the ocean, and can spread and become a monoculture meadow. It forms a sheltered habitat for juvenile fish and crustaceans, and its seeds are a food resource for some songbirds. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1595/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1594_PSE_PSE.jpg Moody Sunrise Boneyard Beach Boneyard beaches form in areas with soft sediment, high wave energy, and a history of changing shoreline dynamics. Coastal erosion gradually eats away at a shoreline, leaving behind the bleached and weathered skeletons of the trees of the maritime forest that once stood there. The primary cause is the constant erosion of the shoreline by waves and currents, exacerbated by storms, which gradually removes sand and exposes the roots of trees that were once further inland. As the shoreline recedes, the trees near the edge die, as they are often unable to adapt, leaving behind their decaying trunks. The exposed dead wood is further weathered by the sun, salt spray, wind, and sand, which bleaches and smooths the wood, giving it a skeletal appearance.Yet even after their death the trees are important to the maritime environment. Their skeletal remains help hold together the beachfront, with in turn protects the marsh that lies just inland. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1594/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/1971-enhanced-PSE-flat.jpg Where Live Oaks Meet Salt Marsh The Low Country of South Carolina is well known for its live oak trees draped with Spanish Moss. The gnarled and twisted shapes of the tree limbs, combined with the drooping moss gently blowing in the wind, can help create artistically pleasing and interesting compositions. Sometimes the trees grow right up to the marsh, allowing one to incorporate yet another feature of the Carolina coast in the image. South Carolina has about half a million acres of salt marsh in the Low Country, which is more than any other state on the Atlantic coast. It's easy to explore the salt marsh, whether from the land or a watercraft, as it is vast and readily accessible. It is also a vital habitat for many species of mammals, birds, fish, alligators and other wildlife. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1593/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/1971-enhanced-PSE-flat.jpg Where Live Oaks Meet Salt Marsh The Low Country of South Carolina is well known for its live oak trees draped with Spanish Moss. The gnarled and twisted shapes of the tree limbs, combined with the drooping moss gently blowing in the wind, can help create artistically pleasing and interesting compositions. Sometimes the trees grow right up to the marsh, allowing one to incorporate yet another feature of the Carolina coast in the image. South Carolina has about half a million acres of salt marsh in the Low Country, which is more than any other state on the Atlantic coast. It's easy to explore the salt marsh, whether from the land or a watercraft, as it is vast and readily accessible. It is also a vital habitat for many species of mammals, birds, fish, alligators and other wildlife. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1592/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1889-Pano_PSE-2-1.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1591/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1785-HDR.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1590/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1650-Pano_PSE-2-1_PSE-2.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1589/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1728_PSE.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1588/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1674_PSE_PSE-2_PSE.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1587/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1617.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1586/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1594_PSE_PSE-3.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1585/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1891.jpg SC, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1584/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-141.jpg SC, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1583/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1617.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1582/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1594_PSE_PSE-3.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1581/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Tree-Frog-5199-ME-ME_PSE_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1580/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Tree-Frog-5188-ME-ME-ME_PSE_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1579/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_6448-ME-Front-rear-merge_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1578/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_6448-ME-Front-rear-merge_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1577/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED4830_PSE_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1576/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4553.jpg Foggy Winter Sunset Once used for growing rice due to the fresh water and their tidal nature, blackwater rivers along the coast of South Carolina are slowly reverting back to their natural states. Hopefully, grand bald cypress trees will once-again dominant the landscape. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1575/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4616_PSE.jpg Cloud, Sun, Trees, River The sun sets over a blackwater river in South Carolina. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1574/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4601_PSE.jpg Winter Rice-fields Sunset Once used for growing rice due to the fresh water and their tidal nature, blackwater rivers along the coast of South Carolina are slowly reverting back to their natural states. Hopefully, grand bald cypress trees will once-again dominant the landscape. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1573/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4568_PSE_PSE.jpg Sunset over Former Rice-fields Once used for growing rice due to the fresh water and their tidal nature, blackwater rivers along the coast of South Carolina are slowly reverting back to their natural states. Hopefully, grand bald cypress trees will once-again dominant the landscape. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1572/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5906.jpg Mountains and Trees in Autumn - Middle Snow-covered mountains form the backdrop in a Rocky Mountain valley in Autumn. The hills are lined with a mixture of conifers and aspen trees signifying that fall has arrived. Can be hung as a triptych, with this one in the center, the previous image on the left and the next one on the right. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1571/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_9996-2.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1570/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0084.jpg No Visitors South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1569/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0075_PSE.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1568/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0063-2-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1567/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0059-2-Enhanced-NR.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1566/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0055-2-Enhanced-NR.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1565/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0043-3-Enhanced-NR.jpg Blanketed South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1564/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0013.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1563/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0001-Enhanced-NR.jpg South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1562/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Live-Oak-BW.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1561/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0105_PSE_BW.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1560/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0033_PSE-2.jpg Live Oak with Snow https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1559/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0033_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1558/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0040_PSE_BW-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1557/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0040_PSE_BW.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1556/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0040_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1555/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0044-2_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1554/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0140_BW.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1553/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0133.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1552/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0133_BW.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1551/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0127-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1550/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0105_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1549/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0062.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1548/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0044-2_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1547/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0140.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1546/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3616-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1545/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3441-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1544/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3399-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1543/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3028-Enhanced-NR_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1542/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1301-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1541/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1301-Enhanced-NR-3.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1540/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3441-Enhanced-NR_BW.jpg Stare Down Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1539/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3590_PSE_BW_PSE.jpg Strength Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1538/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3616-Enhanced-NR_BW.jpg Slinging Dirt Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1537/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3399-Enhanced-NR_BW_PSE.jpg Musth Behavior Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1536/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3004_PSE-BW.jpg Standing Guard Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1535/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1301-Enhanced-NR-2-BW.jpg Standing Tall on Stage Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1534/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1010-Enhanced-NR_PSE-2-BW.jpg Intimidation Musth is a phenomenon in male elephants that marks a period of sexual activity. It is driven by a rise in sexual hormones, with testosterone peaking up to 60 times normal. Bull elephants go into musth about once a year, with each cycle usually lasting between two and four months. It is accompanied by aggressive behavior and the urge to procreate. At dawn on a dried-up lakebed in Kenya, this bull elephant was encountered while defending his territory. He approached, swinging his trunk about while holding his ears wide. As he did, he kicked up dirt and tilted his head down. This behavior is intended to intimidate and drive off any and all perceived adversaries. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1533/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0603-Enhanced-NR-BW.jpg Standing Tall Musth is a condition in bull elephants that can come along at any time of year. It generally starts when a bull is in their 20s, and in a healthy bull may continue to their 50s or 60s. It is marked by spikes in testosterone and other sex hormones that brings about aggressive and unpredictable behavior. Meaning to intimidate, this bull in Kenya stands tall and holds its ears wide to make it look larger and more menacing. To drive the point home, it swings its trunk and kicks dirt toward its perceived competition. The feeling of intimidation was successfully conveyed, as he easily projected his size and virility. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1532/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3616-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1531/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3441-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1530/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3399-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1529/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3028-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1528/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3028-Enhanced-NR_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1527/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1301-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1526/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1301-Enhanced-NR-3.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1525/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3616-Enhanced-NR.jpg Spraying Dirt Musth occurs in mature bull elephants and is characterized by surges in testosterone and other sexual hormones. Spikes in these hormones, as well as adrenalin, can cause a bull to behave aggressively. It is important to remember that during these times an elephant is trying to broadcast their virility, drive off competing males, and demonstrate their viability as a reproductive partner. Bulls have a whole cadre of behaviors to convey their motives, and wise men and beasts alike should respect them. After completely burying its tusks into the dried lakebed in Kenya, this agitated elephant launched itself up from a kneeling position, and in a massive display of strength ripped its tusks out of the ground. It shook its head violently from side to side, loudly slapping its ears against its body. The tusks and trunk sent soil flying in all directions. To say this display was impressive would be understatement, and we left as soon as we could. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1524/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3618-Enhanced-NR.jpg Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1523/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3441-Enhanced-NR.jpg Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1522/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3399-Enhanced-NR.jpg Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1521/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1301-Enhanced-NR.jpg Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1520/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1010-Enhanced-NR_PSE-2.jpg Musth is a phenomenon in male elephants that marks a period of sexual activity. It is driven by a rise in sexual hormones, with testosterone peaking up to 60 times normal. Bull elephants go into musth about once a year, with each cycle usually lasting between two and four months. It is accompanied by aggressive behavior and the urge to procreate. At dawn on a dried-up lakebed in Kenya, this bull elephant was encountered while defending his territory. He approached, swinging his trunk about while holding his ears wide. As he did, he kicked up dirt and tilted his head down. This behavior is intended to intimidate and drive off any and all perceived adversaries. https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1519/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0603-Enhanced-NR.jpg Musth is a condition in bull elephants that can come along at any time of year. It generally starts when a bull is in their 20s, and in a healthy bull may continue to their 50s or 60s. It is marked by spikes in testosterone and other sex hormones that brings about aggressive and unpredictable behavior. Meaning to intimidate, this bull in Kenya stands tall and holds its ears wide to make it look larger and more menacing. To drive the point home, it swings its trunk and kicks dirt toward its perceived competition. The feeling of intimidation was successfully conveyed, as he easily projected his size and virility. https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1518/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3768-Enhanced-NR_PSE-2.jpg Back Off Musth (or must) occurs in mature bull elephants and denotes a period of heightened sexual activity. It is associated with a spike in reproductive hormones and is characterized by aggressive, unpredictable behavior. This is intended to ward off competition and demonstrates the bulls' viability to potential reproductive partners. This bull in Kenya displays some of the tell-tale signs of musth. These includes the twisting of its trunk around the tusks, holding its ears out wide and tail out stiffly, and staring off the adversary with eyes wide open. Urine-soaked rear legs and discharge from the temporal glands are also signs of musth. Kenya Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1517/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3618-Enhanced-NR_BW.jpg Spraying Dirt Musth occurs in mature bull elephants and is characterized by surges in testosterone and other sexual hormones. Spikes in these hormones, as well as adrenalin, can cause a bull to behave aggressively. It is important to remember that during these times an elephant is trying to broadcast their virility, drive off competing males, and demonstrate their viability as a reproductive partner. Bulls have a whole cadre of behaviors to convey their motives, and wise men and beasts alike should respect them. After completely burying its tusks into the dried lakebed in Kenya, this agitated elephant launched itself up from a kneeling position, and in a massive display of strength ripped its tusks out of the ground. It shook its head violently from side to side, loudly slapping its ears against its body. The tusks and trunk sent soil flying in all directions. To say this display was impressive would be understatement, and we left as soon as we could. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1516/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3410-Enhanced-NR_PSE-2.jpg Musth While photographing other elephants on an overcast morning in Kenya, this bull approached in an aggressive manor. That he was in musth was readily apparent, given away by the tell-tale signs of discharge from his temporal glands and urine-soaked legs. His behavior became more aggressive as he approached, flapping his ears about, with his head held high and trunk curled. He repeatedly pawed the ground and stamped his legs down in an erratic manor. Musth is a condition in bull elephants that occurs periodically as the result of very high spikes in testosterone and other sexual hormones. It results in aggressive behaviors as the bull seeks to display his suitability for mating and to defend against other competitors. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1515/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3857-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Intimidation Musth in bull elephants is characterized by aggressive behavior fueled by a spike in reproductive hormones. In this state, bulls protect any females in estrus and aggressively fight off any competing males. This bull in Kenya approached our vehicle warning us to stay clear. This bull's strength and dominance is effectively projected with its head and tusks held high, the trunk curled backward, and its agitated pacing about. Signs of musth also include urine-soaked legs and temporal gland discharge. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1514/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3768-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Back Off Musth (or must) occurs in mature bull elephants and denotes a period of heightened sexual activity. It is associated with a spike in reproductive hormones and is characterized by aggressive, unpredictable behavior. This is intended to ward off competition and demonstrates the bulls' viability to potential reproductive partners. This bull in Kenya displays some of the tell-tale signs of musth. These includes the twisting of its trunk around the tusks, holding its ears out wide and tail out stiffly, and staring off the adversary with eyes wide open. Urine-soaked rear legs and discharge from the temporal glands are also signs of musth. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1513/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3618-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Spraying Dirt Musth occurs in mature bull elephants and is characterized by surges in testosterone and other sexual hormones. Spikes in these hormones, as well as adrenalin, can cause a bull to behave aggressively. It is important to remember that during these times an elephant is trying to broadcast their virility, drive off competing males, and demonstrate their viability as a reproductive partner. Bulls have a whole cadre of behaviors to convey their motives, and wise men and beasts alike should respect them. After completely burying its tusks into the dried lakebed in Kenya, this agitated elephant launched itself up from a kneeling position, and in a massive display of strength ripped its tusks out of the ground. It shook its head violently from side to side, loudly slapping its ears against its body. The tusks and trunk sent soil flying in all directions. To say this display was impressive would be understatement, and we left as soon as we could. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1512/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3606-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Uprooting Musth is a condition of increased sexual hormones that occurs in bull (male) elephants when they are ready to breed. A bull in musth is not to be reckoned with as their behavior can be erratic, and they should be given wide berth. But they are fast, reportedly travelling up to 40 km/h (25 mph). They can close the distance much quicker than one would expect, and people in vehicles have been killed or injured by elephants in musth. This bull in Kenya came toward our vehicle displaying the typical signs of musth. After burying his tusks into the ground in an impressive display of strength, this bull exploded upward, ripping the ground apart and throwing soil into the air. We got the message and departed as soon as we safely could. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1511/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3590-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Strength and Anger A bull elephant in musth demands respect. Literally meaning "intoxicated" in Persian, musth (or must) is marked by a spike in reproductive hormones, causing the bull to behave erratically. Just prior, while photographing other elephants, this bull approached exhibiting a cadre of signs associated with musth. His intentions were unmistakably recognized and we prepared to depart, as this dry lakebed in Kenya afforded little protection. But in an instant, and with impressive ease, this large bull knelt and buried his large tusks into the ground. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1510/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3449-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Focused Musth occurs in bull elephants when a natural spike occurs in the reproductive hormones. It results in unpredictable behavior, as the bull will aggressively defend its turf from other males, or anything else it perceives as a threat. Other bull elephants, other species and even people have been killed when encountering an enraged bull in musth. This bull in Kenya kneels down exhibiting terminal intent. To dispatch a perceived foe, an elephant will kneel, driving the foe into the ground, crushing it with its head and/or piercing it with its tusks. Clearly enraged during musth, this bull has its ears held wide, its trunk curled and its eyes focused intently on the ground it is about to attack. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1509/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2961-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Above the March A breeding herd of elephants traverses the dried lakebed just outside of Amboseli National Park in Kenya. Each morning, elephants make the trek from the hills to the south bordering Tanzania, towards the marshes at the center of Amboseli. The matriarch of the herd knows the way and directs the caravan, year after year, season after season. The caravan forms protecting the young near the middle. This perspective was obtained by standing on the roof of the safari vehicle. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1508/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1010-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Intimidation Musth is a phenomenon in male elephants that marks a period of sexual activity. It is driven by a rise in sexual hormones, with testosterone peaking up to 60 times normal. Bull elephants go into musth about once a year, with each cycle usually lasting between two and four months. It is accompanied by aggressive behavior and the urge to procreate. At dawn on a dried-up lakebed in Kenya, this bull elephant was encountered while defending his territory. He approached, swinging his trunk about while holding his ears wide. As he did, he kicked up dirt and tilted his head down. This behavior is intended to intimidate and drive off any and all perceived adversaries. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1507/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0603-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Standing Tall Musth is a condition in bull elephants that can come along at any time of year. It generally starts when a bull is in their 20s, and in a healthy bull may continue to their 50s or 60s. It is marked by spikes in testosterone and other sex hormones that brings about aggressive and unpredictable behavior. Meaning to intimidate, this bull in Kenya stands tall and holds its ears wide to make it look larger and more menacing. To drive the point home, it swings its trunk and kicks dirt toward its perceived competition. The feeling of intimidation was successfully conveyed, as he easily projected his size and virility. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1506/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0581-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Mock Charge An elephant bull in musth is known for radically unpredictable behavior. A surge in reproductive hormones triggers this change in behavior, marked by a range of signs denoting its enraged state. This bull in Kenya went about successfully intimidating anything in its vicinity, whether it was other bulls, or safari vehicles. Here he begins a mock charge, with his ears held wide and eyes staring the photographer down. He for sure meant business, but ultimately backed off before reaching us on this dried-up lakebed. But his intimidation tactics were certainly successful. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1505/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0032.jpg Utah, United States https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1504/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0028.jpg Utah, United States https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1503/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Aspens-and-Snow-Utah-1.jpg Utah, United States https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1502/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4692_PSE_PSE-3.jpg Horn, Lips and Ears Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1501/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4692_PSE.jpg Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1500/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_7896_PSE_PSE-4.jpg Near and Far Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1499/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4692_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1498/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6477_PSE.jpg Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1497/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6393_PSE_PSE.jpg Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1496/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6278_PSE.jpg Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1495/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1350_PSE-expanded-with-crop-and-blur.jpg Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1494/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_6880_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1493/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_6578-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE.jpg Rhinos have a strong sense of smell and hearing, but they have notoriously poor eyesight. They have small eyes set on the sides of their heads, which means they have to turn their heads to see straight ahead. They are color blind and do not have binocular vision. So they can't see clearly unless something is very close by. However, they do appear quite curious. This crash (group of rhinos) of white rhinos in Kenya could not resist getting a closer look at the camera mounted on a ground pod that I placed in its projected path. By using a wide-angle lens, I was hoping to get a different perspective of these beautiful animals as I triggered the rig with a Bluetooth controller. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1492/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1350_PSE-expanded-with-crop-and-blur.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1491/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AZ_ZA__220925_570.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1490/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_112-3_PSE.jpg African Sunset The end of the day arrives in Lower Zambezi National Park in Zambia. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1489/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5027-Pano_PSE-3-2-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1488/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4371_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1487/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4344-Pano_PSE-25-1.jpg Snow-covered Dunes and Sea Oats Clusters of Sea Oats and Grasses protrude through a blanket of snow in South Carolina. Snows that accumulate any significant depth are rare and fleeting this far south. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1486/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4329-Pano_PSE-2-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1485/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4329-Pano_PSE-2-1_Crop.jpg Snow-covered Dunes and Sea Oats Clusters of Sea Oats and Grasses protrude through a blanket of snow in South Carolina. Snows that accumulate any significant depth are rare and fleeting this far south. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1484/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4248-Pano_PSE-2-1.jpg Snowy Dunes Clusters of Sea Oats protrude through a recent blanket of snow in South Carolina. Snows that accumulate any significant depth are rare and fleeting this far south. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1483/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED8335-Enhanced-NR-2.jpg Bighorn Ram following Ewe During the Rut During the rut, a bighorn ram will test the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth to sense whether the female is ready to mate. The ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time, while fending off other contending males. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1482/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1067_PSE-2.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ewe Portrait A bighorn sheep ewe poses nicely for a portrait. A bighorn sheep has acute eyesight, its primary defense against predators. Their eyes are space wide apart to allowing for a wider field of view, estimated to be 320 degrees. In most animals this would decrease their depth perception. But a bighorn sheep's pupils are rectangular, allowing for better depth perception, despite their widely spaced eyes. Wyoming, USa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1481/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1100.jpg Two Rams and Two Ewes during the Rut During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. Once locked in, the ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time. Here, two rams vie for ewes that seem indifferent to mating. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1480/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1283.jpg Bighorn Ram Challenging another during the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the gut or testicles. If one does not back down, the fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, and colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1479/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1486.jpg Bighorn Ram Instigating Another during the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the chest, back, gut or testicles. If one does not back down, the fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, and colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1478/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1509.jpg Two Bighorn rams during the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the gut or testicles. If one does not back down, the fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, and colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1477/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1565-Enhanced-NR.jpg Rams Sparring During the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the chest, gut or testicles. If one does not back down, the fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, and colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1476/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1616.jpg Two Bighorn Rams exhibiting the Flehmen Response. During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. Once locked in, the ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1475/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1651_PSE.jpg Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1474/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1654_PSE.jpg Bighorn Rams during the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the gut or testicles. If one does not back down, the fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, and colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1473/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1658-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Rams During the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the gut or testicles. If one does not back down, the fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, and colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1472/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD2482-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram on a Ridge A bighorn sheep ram pauses on a ridge during the rut. He is on the trail of a ewe in estrus and has been following her for quite some time. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1471/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1669-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Ram Flehmen Response During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. Once locked in, the ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1470/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED8829-Pano_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Lying Down Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1469/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED8735-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Four Bighorn Sheep Ewes on a Rock Four sheep pose on a rock. Bighorns have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1468/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED8653.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram during the Rut During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1467/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED8630.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram on a Rocky Ridge Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy. Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1466/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9439.jpg Bighorn Sheep Rams' Eye A bighorn sheep has acute eyesight, its primary defense against predators. Their eyes are space wide apart to allow for a wider field of view, estimated to be 320 degrees. In most animals this would decrease their depth perception. But bighorn sheep's pupils are rectangular, allowing for better depth perception, despite their widely spaced eyes. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1465/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9435_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram Close-up A bighorn sheep has acute eyesight, its primary defense against predators. Their eyes are space wide apart to allow for a wider field of view, estimated to be 320 degrees. In most animals this would decrease their depth perception. But bighorn sheep's pupils are rectangular, allowing for better depth perception, despite their widely spaced eyes. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1463/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1654_PSE.jpg Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1462/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1651_PSE.jpg Big Horn Sheep Ram Flehmen During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. The ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1461/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0130.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram in Snowstorm Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy.Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1460/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0144-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram on a Rocky Ridge in a Snowstorm Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy.Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1459/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0158_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram on a Rocky Ridge in a Snowstorm Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy. Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1458/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0185-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1457/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0796-Enhanced-NR.jpg Following and Waiting During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. Once locked in, the ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1456/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1027-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE.jpg Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1455/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1033-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ewe A bighorn sheep has acute eyesight, its primary defense against predators. Their eyes are space wide apart to allow for a wider field of view, estimated to be 320 degrees. In most animals this would decrease their depth perception. But bighorn sheep's pupils are rectangular, allowing for better depth perception, despite their widely spaced eyes. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1454/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1045_PSE-2_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1453/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1045_PSE-2_PSE-3.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1452/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1045_PSE-2_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram Portrait during the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the gut or testicles. The fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar.This ram shows well-worn horns with cracks at the tip, and blood on the horns and its snout. He has been in a few battles, as these are all the results of confrontations during the rut. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1451/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1052.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram during the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the gut or testicles. The fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar.This ram shows well-worn horns with cracks at the tip, and blood on the horns and its snout. He has been in a few battles, as these are all the results of confrontations during the rut. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1450/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1255_PSE.jpg Two Rams Two bighorn sheep rams in a relaxed state. The one on the right is older and more mature based on size, his darker color and a more complete curl to his horns. Bighorn sheep horns continue to grow throughout the sheep's life, and can reach up to 15 lbs each. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1449/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1325.jpg Bighorn Ram and Ewe During the rut, a bighorn ram will test the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth to sense whether the female is ready to mate. The ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time, while fending off other contending males. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1448/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1223.jpg Bighorn Ram Flehmen Response During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. The ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1447/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1185.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram and Ewe during the Rut During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. Once locked in, the ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1446/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1146.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram Portrait The mature bighorn sheep ram shows some evidence of battles during the rut. The horns are worn at the base and the tips are cracked. There is also a small amount of blood spattering on the horn. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1445/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1084.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram in the snow Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy. Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1444/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1076_PSE.jpg Bighorn Ram and Ewe During the Rut During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. Once locked in, the ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1443/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1075.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ewe Side Portrait A bighorn sheep ewe poses nicely for a side portrait. A bighorn sheep has acute eyesight, its primary defense against predators. Their eyes are space wide apart to allow for a wider field of view, estimated to be 320 degrees. In most animals this would decrease their depth perception. But a bighorn sheep's pupils are rectangular, allowing for better depth perception, despite their widely spaced eyes. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1442/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1073.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram during the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the gut or testicles. The fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar.This ram shows well-worn horns with cracks at the tip, and blood on the horns and its snout. He has been in a few battles, as these are all the results of confrontations during the rut. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1440/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1059-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Shop Ram Portrait during the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the gut or testicles. The fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar. This ram shows well-worn horns with cracks at the tip, and blood on the horns and its snout. He has been in a few battles, as these are all the results of confrontations during the rut. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1439/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0124-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram and Ewe during a Snowstorm Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy. Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1438/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1045_PSE-2_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1437/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1052.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1436/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1059-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1435/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1033-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1434/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1027-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Ram Searching During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions as it samples the air for ewes in estrus. He will sniff the air to pick up pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. He will often follow her closely, waiting for the right time. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1433/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1015-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Lamb Portrait This bighorn lamb is likely 6 months old, born in the spring when food is abundant. It pauses and poses nicely with what I perceive as curiosity in its gaze. The runny nose may seem benign, reminding one of human children in the winter. But this could also be an ominous sign. Bighorn sheep are prone to bacterial pneumonia. Unknown in North America until Europeans arrived with domesticated sheep, bighorn sheep have little resistance these pneumonias. It usually starts in a young lamb such as this, but quickly spreads to others in the population. Breathing becomes difficult as their lungs fill with fluid and eventually the sheep begin to die. Pnuemonia is thought to be the major factor in the decline of the bighorn sheep population, now 10% of its traditional size. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1432/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0940-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep during the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the gut or testicles. If one does not back down, the fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, and colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1431/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0864-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram Climbing a Ridge Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy.Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1430/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0835-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram in the Snow Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy. Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1429/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0828-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Ram and Ewe During the Rut During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. Once locked in, the ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1428/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0812-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ewe in the Snow Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy. Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1427/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0796-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1426/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0726-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram on the Hunt During the Rut During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. The ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1425/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0718-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram in the Snow A bighorn sheep ram trods through the snow during the rut, most likely in search of a ewe in estrus. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1424/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0650-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram in the Snow Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy. Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1423/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0622-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram on a Rocky Ridge During the Rut The rut is marked by a spike in the ram's testosterone, triggering testicular swelling and behavioral changes. It's all about dominance, as the one that is victorious gets to breed with the ewes. These rams are constantly on the move, instigating others and picking fights. They will poke and prod other rams, often kicking them in the gut or testicles. If one does not back down, the fight for dominance culminates in the rams rising up and charging at the adversary, and colliding with an impressive impact and a loud sound that can be heard from afar. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1422/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0595-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ewes in the Snow Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy. Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1421/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0410-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep Rams and Ewe during the Rut During the rut, a bighorn ram will contort its head and neck into twisted positions, exhibiting what's called the flehmen response. Also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, it is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed and often holding this position for a few seconds. He is testing the air for pheromones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. Once locked in, the ram will then follow her closely, waiting for just the right time. Here, a younger ram looks on, yielding to the older, dominant Ram. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1420/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0368-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram in the Snow Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy.Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1419/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0303-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep after Crossing a River During the rut and as winter sets in, Bighorn sheep are on the move looking for ewes with which to mate. Here one has just crossed the river while searching. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1418/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0295-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram Crossing a River During the rut and as winter sets in, Bighorn sheep are on the move looking for ewes with which to mate. Here one crosses the river while searching. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1417/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0232-Enhanced-NR.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram in the Snow Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy. Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1416/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0185-Enhanced-NR.jpg A bighorn Sheep Ram on a Rocky Ridge in a Snowstorm Bighorn sheep are well-adapted to survive the mountains and the winter. They have modified hooves that help them climb steep, rocky slopes. The outer hooves are shaped like toenails to snag onto protrusions, while the inner pads are soft and conform to the surface. Bighorns also have thick, insulating fur that helps them stay warm in cold temperatures. In the winter, their coats may be lighter in color and have a double layer. They store fat in the summer to help them survive the cold and harsh conditions. They can essentially hibernate standing up, living off fat during the winter and conserving energy.Some bighorn sheep stay at higher elevations during the winter where they are safe from predators but cold and hungry. Others move to lower elevations which are more temperate, but riskier to predation from mountain lions and others. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1415/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0158_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1414/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0144-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1413/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0124-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1412/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED8187_PSE_PSE.jpg Rock Formation in Shoshone National Forest Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1411/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9194_PSE.jpg Sunrise in Wyoming Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1410/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9189_PSE.jpg Sunrise in Wyoming Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1409/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9151-HDR.jpg Mammoth Hot Springs Yellowstone National Park is one of the gems in the National Park system of the US. Among the most-visited parks in the summer, winter allows for a limited, but more intimate exploration of the park. One part that remains open in the winter is the area near Mammoth Hot Springs near Gardiner, Montana. Hydrothermal activity in Yellowstone is extensive and has been present for several thousand years. It is one of the centerpieces of the park. Mammoth Hot Springs contains limestone terraces formed from calcium carbonate. Thermal water rises through these limestone terraces carrying high amounts of dissolved calcium carbonate. At the surface, carbon dioxide is released and calcium carbonate is deposited, forming travertine, the chalky white mineral forming the rock of travertine terraces. Thermophiles (heat-loving organisms), thrive in the area and are responsible for the colorful deposits of the terraces. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1408/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9073-HDR_PSE_PSE.jpg Winter at Mammoth Hot Springs Yellowstone National Park is one of the gems in the National Park system of the US. Among the most-visited parks in the summer, winter allows for a limited, but more intimate exploration of the park. One part that remains open in the winter is the area near Mammoth Hot Springs near Gardiner, Montana. Hydrothermal activity in Yellowstone is extensive and has been present for several thousand years. It is one of the centerpieces of the park. Mammoth Hot Springs contains limestone terraces formed from calcium carbonate. Thermal water rises through these limestone terraces carrying high amounts of dissolved calcium carbonate. At the surface, carbon dioxide is released and calcium carbonate is deposited, forming travertine, the chalky white mineral forming the rock of travertine terraces. Thermophiles (heat-loving organisms), thrive in the area and are responsible for the colorful deposits of the terraces. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1407/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9007-HDR-Pano_PSE-2-1_PSE.jpg Mammoth Hot Springs in Winter Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1406/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED8883_PSE_PSE.jpg Mammoth Hot Springs in Winter Yellowstone National Park is one of the gems in the National Park system of the US. Among the most-visited parks in the summer, winter allows for a limited, but more intimate exploration of the park. One part that remains open in the winter is the area near Mammoth Hot Springs near Gardiner, Montana. Hydrothermal activity in Yellowstone is extensive and has been present for several thousand years. It is one of the centerpieces of the park. Mammoth Hot Springs contains limestone terraces formed from calcium carbonate. Thermal water rises through these limestone terraces carrying high amounts of dissolved calcium carbonate. At the surface, carbon dioxide is released and calcium carbonate is deposited, forming travertine, the chalky white mineral forming the rock of travertine terraces. Thermophiles (heat-loving organisms), thrive in the area and are responsible for the colorful deposits of the terraces. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1405/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1776_PSE_PSE.jpg Sunrise in Shoshone National Forest At dawn in the winter, colorful clouds lit by the sun are seen over the Absaroka Mountains in the Shoshone National Forest of Wyoming. Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1404/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1702-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Winter in Wyoming Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1403/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0455-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Dawn in Shoshone National Forest Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1402/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9539-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Frozen Trees Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1401/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1797-Pano-2-3-1_PSE.jpg Sunrise, North Fork Shoshone River Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1400/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220910_346-2-Pano_PSE-4-1.jpg Crocodile Pan Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1399/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220913_1410.jpg African Wild Dog Resting Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1398/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_1274-Pano_PSE-2-2-1.jpg Crocodile Pan Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1397/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_910-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1396/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220913_1040_PSE_PSE.jpg A Crocs' Smile Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1395/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220913_1392_PSE.jpg Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1394/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_267-2_PSE.jpg Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1393/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_47-2_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Stare Down Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1392/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221009_173_PSE.jpg Burchell's Zebras Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1391/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221006_569-Pano_PSE-2-1_PSE.jpg Burchell's Zebra Drinking Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1390/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221011_471.jpg Springbok Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1389/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221009_297.jpg Springbok Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1388/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221007_528.jpg Springbok Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1387/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221004_1064.jpg Springbok Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1386/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221004_868.jpg Springbok Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1385/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221013_551-Pano.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1384/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221013_447.jpg Desert-adapted Angolan Giraffe Desert-adapted giraffes have evolved physical and behavioral adaptations to survive in the harsh conditions of the Namibian desert. Also called Angolan giraffes, these giraffes have physical adaptations that include a lighter color that reflects light and helps camouflage them in the desert. They are able to walk long distances without relying on regular water sources. In fact, they can get all of the water they need through their food, often browsing early in the morning when there is still dew to be found on the leaves. They take advantage of the ephemeral rivers in Western Namibia that provide food, moisture, and vegetation. Their diet changes seasonally to extract maximum nutrition and water. Giraffes are highly adaptable wild animals that have found a way to survive and even thrive in the harsh desert environment. Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1383/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221013_316-Pano_PSE.jpg Desert-adapted elephants Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1382/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221013_279_PSE-2.jpg Desert-adapted Angolan Giraffes Desert-adapted giraffes have evolved physical and behavioral adaptations to survive in the harsh conditions of the Namibian desert. Called Angolan giraffes, these giraffes have physical adaptations that include a lighter color that reflects light and helps camouflage them in the desert. They are able to walk long distances without relying on regular water sources. In fact, they can get all of the water they need through their food, often browsing early in the morning when there is still dew to be found on the leaves. They take advantage of the ephemeral rivers in Western Namibia that provide food, moisture, and vegetation. Their diet changes seasonally to extract maximum nutrition and water. Giraffes are highly adaptable wild animals that have found a way to survive and even thrive in the harsh desert environment. Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1381/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221010_5.jpg Desert-adapted Lion, Collared Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1380/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221012_242-Pano_PSE-3-2.jpg Rock Art Twyfelfontein, Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1379/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221009_544.jpg Black Rhinoceros Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1378/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221009_592.jpg Black Rhinoceros namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1377/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221012_299_PSE.jpg Lizard Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1376/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA_221002_3.jpg White Rhinoceros https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1375/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA_221002_31_PSE_PSE.jpg White Rhinoceroses Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1374/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled_221011_58_PSE-3.jpg desert-Adapted Black Rhinoceros namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1373/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled_221011_424_PSE-2.jpg Desert-adapted black rhino among Euphorbia Bushes Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1372/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled_221011_424_PSE.jpg Desert-Adapted Black Rhinoceros Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1371/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221009_70-2.jpg Black Rhinoceros Nami https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1370/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221009_48-2.jpg Black Rhinocerus Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1369/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221008_140.jpg Two Different Kinds Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1368/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221007_728.jpg Lioness on the Lookout Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1367/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221007_648.jpg Lioness Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1366/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221007_276-2.jpg Lioness on the Lookout Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1365/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221007_211_PSE.jpg Sleeping Black Rhinocerus Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1364/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221006_877_PSE.jpg Gemsbok Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1363/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221006_846-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Gemsbok Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1362/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221009_519.jpg Desert-adapted Black Rhino Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1361/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled_221011_806_PSE-2.jpg Desert-adapted Black Rhino Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1360/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221009_435-2.jpg Black Rhino Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1359/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221006_800.jpg Gemsbok Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1358/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221006_525_PSE.jpg Gemsbok Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1357/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221009_312-2.jpg Black Rhino Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1356/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled_221011_576_PSE.jpg Desert-adapted Black Rhino Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/desert-adapted-black-rhino-among-euphorbia-bushes-2/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled_221011_477-Pano_PSE-5_PSE-2-1-25-crop_PSE.jpg Desert-adapted black rhino among Euphorbia Bushes Damaraland in Northwestern Namibia, lies just East of Skeleton Coast National Park and receives very little rainfall. Yet this surreal basalt landscape is home to nearly 70% of the world's population of free-ranging black rhinos such as this one in the Torra conservancy. Mostly nocturnal to avoid the excessive heat of the day, these rhinos are usually solitary, patrolling territories up to 500-600 square kilometers. Their horns are generally longer and thinner than typical black rhinos to help them forage in these barren environments. With limited food and water in this environment, rhinos feed mostly on the drought resistant Euphorbia damarana bush which survives well in this harsh, arid, rocky terrain. Euphorbia produces thick, milky sap toxic to most species but rhinos, gemsbok and kudus can eat it without ill-effects. If it weren't difficult enough for these rhinos to survive, even in this remote location poaching remains a threat. This rhino has been dehorned to increase its chances of survival. Rhinos in the Torra conservancy are protected by a dedicated group of individuals who look over this population. Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1354/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221009_248-2.jpg Black Rhino Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1353/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221006_235-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Gemsbok Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1352/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221012_585-HDR-Pano_PSE_PSE-3_2.jpg Mowani Sunset https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1351/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221012_114-HDR-Pano-2_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg Mowani Sunset Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1350/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221009_252-2_PSE.jpg Watchin' Over the Cubs Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1349/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0117-Pano_PSE_PSE_PSE-2-1-2.jpg Crash of Rhinos Kenya, East Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1348/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0117-Pano_PSE_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg Crash of Rhinos Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1347/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2523_PSE.jpg On The March Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1346/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_9294_PSE-Remove-dust_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE-Expanded-rt.jpg Proudly Displayed Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1345/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4128_PSE-2_PSE_PSE-2.jpg White Rhinos Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1344/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4128_PSE-2_PSE_PSE.jpg White Rhinos Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1343/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4237-HDR.jpg Guanacos Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1342/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7945-Pano_PSE-266-1.jpg Guanacos on the Move Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1341/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7878-Pano_PSE-4-1.jpg Guanacos on the Move Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1340/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_6438_PSE-2.jpg Guanaco Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1339/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_5974.jpg Guanaco Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1338/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4532.jpg Guanacos Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1337/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4379.jpg Guanaco Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1336/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4235-HDR.jpg Guanacos Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1335/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4030-HDR-Pano_PSE-2-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1334/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3964-Pano_PSE-2-1-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1333/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4010-HDR-Pano_PSE-166-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1332/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4010-HDR-Pano_PSE-3-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1331/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3964-Pano_PSE-2-3.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1330/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7929.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1329/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7823_PSE-255-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1328/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0475_PSE.jpg Patagonian Hog-nosed Skunk The Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus humboldtii), is also known as the Patagonian hog-nosed skunk, or Chingue de la Patagonia. It is a species of skunk indigenous to the open grassy areas in the Patagonian regions of South Argentina and Chile. They are omnivorous, eating insects, worms, rodents, fruits and plant roots. However, they do little in the way of active hunting and select prey that is easiest to capture. Skunks are excellent diggers. Armed with large claws, they create their burrows within a bank or beneath a rock, where they rest and hide from predators. Famously, they defend themselves from enemies by launching a foul, irritating liquid from their anal glands. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1327/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0433.jpg Patagonian Hog-nosed Skunk The Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus humboldtii), is also known as the Patagonian hog-nosed skunk, or Chingue de la Patagonia. It is a species of skunk indigenous to the open grassy areas in the Patagonian regions of South Argentina and Chile. They are omnivorous, eating insects, worms, rodents, fruits and plant roots. However, they do little in the way of active hunting and select prey that is easiest to capture. Skunks are excellent diggers. Armed with large claws, they create their burrows within a bank or beneath a rock, where they rest and hide from predators. Famously, they defend themselves from enemies by launching a foul, irritating liquid from their anal glands. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1326/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6733_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1325/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6806_PSE.jpg Puma Sub-adults Two puma sub-adults rest on a rock. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1324/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3714.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1323/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_5921_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1322/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_5044.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1321/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4869_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1320/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4827_PSE-2-3.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1319/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4548.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1318/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_4475.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1317/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2954.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1316/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2824_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1315/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2736.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1314/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2718.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1313/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Puma-Rename-4-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1312/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_2610-HDR-Pano_PSE-166-1.jpg Mount Almirante Nieto and the Torres del Paine Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1311/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_2465-Pano_PSE-3-2.jpg Mount Almirante Nieto and the Torres del Paine The windswept plain known as the Patagonian steppe stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts. It surrounds the Cordillera del Paine in Chile's Torres del Paine National Park. A UNESCO World Heritage Site was established in 1978 to protect the Patagonian steppe and its flora and fauna. It is home to a variety of wildlife, including pumas, guanacos, foxes, and Chilean Huemul. The huge massif known as the Cordillera del Paine, rises up from the Patagonian steppe in an impressive fashion. Its origins can be dated back at least 12 million years ago, when sedimentary layers of the earth were lifted up and later worn down through glacial erosion. The hard, resistant granite rock that makes up the Paine massif remains. Mount Almirante Nieto and the Torres del Paine (North, Central and South towers) are part of that massif. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1310/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_0986-HDR-Pano_PSE-3-1.jpg Mirador Cuernos Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1309/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_0951-HDR-Pano_PSE-266-1.jpg Sunrise at Mirador Cuernos The morning sun rises above the granite peaks of the Paine Massif in Torres del Paine National Park. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1308/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_0890-HDR-Pano_PSE-2-1.jpg Paine Grande and Los Cuernos Paine Grande and Los Cuernos are probably the most readily identified peaks in Torres del Paine National Park. Here they are depicted in winter, reflected in a placid Lago Nordenskjold from Mirador Cuernos.The Paine massif dates back at least 12 million years, when geological forces lifted large sedimentary layers of the earth. Glaciers later eroded the "softer" layers, leaving behind the uniquely shaped granite peaks. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1307/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-9195-Pano-ext-editT_PSE-25-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1306/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-9195-Pano-ext-editT_PSE-25-1.jpg Upper Whitewater Falls North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1305/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Upper-Whitewater-Falls-Pano-40-x-60.jpg Upper Whitewater Falls Whitewater Falls is the highest waterfall east of the Rockies. It is found on the Whitewater River which travels through the Jocassee Gorge area of North Carolina. The Upper Falls (Seen Here) plummets 411 ft, and further downstream the Lower Falls drops another 400 feet after it enter South Carolina. North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1304/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_0808-HDR-Pano_PSE-3--1.jpg Mirador Cuernos The wide open landscape of Torres del Paine contains the iconic Cordillera del Paine. Technically, this mastiff is part of the Andes but lies apart from the bulk of them. The granite and sedimentary layers were uplifted millions of years ago. Over time the sedimentary layers wore away, exposing the distinct granite layers. Cerro Paine Grande is seen with Lago Nordenskjold at its base. The vastness of the landscape is readily apparent as a fellow photographer is dwarfed by the scene. Torres del Paine National Park, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1303/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_0685-HDR-Pano-4-1.jpg Mirador Cuernos The wide open landscape of Torres del Paine contains the iconic Cordillera del Paine. Technically, this mastiff is part of the Andes but lies apart from the bulk of them. The granite and sedimentary layers were uplifted millions of years ago. Over time the sedimentary layers wore away, exposing the distinct granite layers.Cerro Paine Grande (left) and Los Cuernos de Paine (the horns) lie separated by the French Valley. Lago Nordenskjold is seen at the base.The vastness of the landscape is readily apparent as a fellow photographer is dwarfed by the scene. Torres del Paine National Park, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1302/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_0685-HDR-Pano-4-1-2.jpg Mirador Cuernos The wide open landscape of Torres del Paine contains the iconic Cordillera del Paine. Technically, this mastiff is part of the Andes but lies apart from the bulk of them. The granite and sedimentary layers were uplifted millions of years ago. Over time the sedimentary layers wore away, exposing the distinct granite layers. Cerro Paine Grande (left) and Los Cuernos de Paine (the horns) lie separated by the French Valley. Lago Nordenskjold is seen at the base. The vastness of the landscape is readily apparent as a fellow photographer is dwarfed by the scene. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1301/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_4653-HDR_PSE_ME_PSE_PSE.jpg Cerro Paine Grande and Los Cuernos del Paine Cerro Paine Grande (left) and Los Cuernos de Paine (the horns) lie separated by the French Valley. Lago Pehoe is seen in the foreground. This is one of the most iconic views in Torres del Paine National Park in Southern Chile. The Cordillera del Paine is technically part of the Andes but lies apart from the bulk of them. The granite and sedimentary layers were uplifted millions of years ago. Over time the sedimentary layers wore away, exposing the distinct granite layers. Torres del Paine National Park, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1300/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7327_PSE_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1299/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7201_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1298/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7194_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1297/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7452_PSE.jpg Puma and her Cub A puma and her cub pause momentarily after playing. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1296/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7374_PSE_PSE.jpg puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1295/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7376_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1294/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7386_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1293/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7401_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1292/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7460_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1291/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7483_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1290/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7484_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1289/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7485_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1288/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7493_PSE_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1287/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7502_PSE_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1286/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7503_PSE_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1285/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7587.jpg Puma Cub on Rock A puma cub emerges from the scrub, posing momentarily on a rock. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1284/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7187_PSE.jpg Puma Playing with Cub This mother left her cubs behind and went off to hunt guanacos that passed close by. The cubs diligently watched from afar. But after the hunt failed and she returned, one of the cubs came met her. They began to play aggressively. They rolled around several times "attacking" each other over and over again. At times their claws were protracted, and for the most part both kept their eyes closed to protect from inadvertent injury. This aggressive play is thought to help the young to learn how to battle and capture prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1283/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_1586-Pano_PSE-2-1.jpg Puma and Lake Sarmiento A puma rests and scans the terrain above Sarmiento Lake in Winter. Sarmiento Lake is named after Spanish explorer Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, and lies just outside of Torres del Paine National Park in Chile. This is a favorite hunting area for the pumas, for their favorite prey, the Guanaco. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1282/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1529.jpg Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1281/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_1944.jpg Blinka Walking This puma is known as Blinka. She lives in an Estancia in Chile, just outside of Torres del Paine National Park. Although she was born with 2 good eyes, sometime around the 1 year-old mark she lost sight in her right eye. She has also survived a broken leg. One or both of these could be fatal to a cat that must hunt for food in the wild. Blinka is the quintessential survivor. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1280/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2170-Enhanced-NR.jpg Blinka This puma is known as Blinka. She lives in an Estancia in Chile, just outside of Torres del Paine National Park. Although she was born with 2 good eyes, sometime around the 1 year-old mark she lost sight in her right eye. She has also survived a broken leg. One or both of these could be fatal to a cat that must hunt for food in the wild. Blinka is the quintessential survivor. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1279/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2276-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE.jpg Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1278/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2292.jpg Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1277/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0163-Pano_PSE-3-2.jpg On The Lookout A puma rests, sheltered among the rocky cliffs in Patagonia. They are always on the lookout for their favorite prey, the guanaco. It amazes me how quickly they go from a relaxed state to heightened alert if prey were to pass nearby or in the distance. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1276/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0163-Pano_PSE-2-1.jpg Watching and Waiting A puma rests, sheltered among the rocky cliffs in Patagonia. They are always on the lookout for their favorite prey, the guanaco. It amazes me how quickly they go from a relaxed state to heightened alert if prey were to pass nearby or in the distance. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1275/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0278-Pano_PSE-25-1.jpg Watching and Waiting A puma rests, sheltered among the rocky cliffs in Patagonia. They are always on the lookout for their favorite prey, the guanaco. It amazes me how quickly they go from a relaxed state to heightened alert if prey were to pass nearby or in the distance. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1274/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0259-Pano_PSE-2-1.jpg Watching and Waiting A puma rests, sheltered among the rocky cliffs in Patagonia. They are always on the lookout for their favorite prey, the guanaco. It amazes me how quickly they go from a relaxed state to heightened alert if prey were to pass nearby or in the distance. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1273/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9575-Pano_PSE-25-1_PSE-2-1.jpg Puma on Cliff Pumas are widely distributed in the Americas, with a substantial population living among the rocky terrain, steppe and scrub of southern Chile. They are adept at traversing this terrain, but are mostly ambush hunters. They rely on stealth before pouncing on and securing their prey. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1272/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8057-Pano_PSE-25-1.jpg Puma sitting A female Puma (Puma concolor), also known as a cougar, mountain lion, panther, or catamount, sits among the scrub in Patagonia. Pumas are highly adaptive and can be found in a large variety of habitats. They are stealthy predators, stalking and lying in wait for prey, before pouncing from behind and delivering a lethal bite. Pumas were once hunted by ranchers who feared attacks on their livestock. In some areas, including several Estancias (ranches) in southern Chile, they are now protected and draw in eco tourists from all over the world. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1271/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9646.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1270/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8511.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1269/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8174_PSE-3-2_PSE.jpg Mating Pumas Pumas are generally solitary animals, with males generally tolerating others only during mating. Males maintain territories that overlap with those of several females. Mating is a prolonged process and can go on Females make sounds and rub themselves against objects to advertise to local males that they are ready to mate. Mating occurs throughout the year, but is concentrated from December to March in northern parts of their range.Courtship and mating occurs throughout the year, but is concentrated from December to March in northern latitudes. Gestation periods last from 82 to 96 days. A female mountain lion can come into estrus any time of the year. Estrus lasts about nine days. Females usually give birth every other year.with the exception of 1 to 6 days of associations during mating and periods of juvenile dependence.After mating, male and female part ways; the male continues on to mate with other females for the duration of the mating season, while the female cares for the kittens on her own. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1268/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8134_PSE.jpg Puma Male A large, dominant male puma leers from behind a clump of scrub in the steppe of Patagonia, Chile. Though he is rather large, he laid obscured until he lifted his head peering out. They are masters at blending in and hiding. Pumas rely on this skill as they are ambush predators, stalking game and lying in wait, until they are close enough to pounce and secure their catch. Pumas are solitary animals, particularly the males, tolerating other pumas only during mating. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1267/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8019-Enhanced-NR.jpg Puma Portait A female puma sits and looks out over the Patagonian steppe, always scanning for prey. Pumas require large territories in which to roam and hunt. They are solitary animals, coming together briefly for mating. But they will sometimes allow other pumas to feed on a kill. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1266/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8018-Enhanced-NR.jpg Female Puma Calling Pumas are territorial and solitary. They use pheromones and physical signs, such as claw markings or feces, to define their territory. They will sometimes allow others to share in feeding on a kill. Male pumas have large territories that they will share with a number of females, with which they mate. Females such as this one, make sounds and rub themselves against objects to advertise to local males that they are ready to mate. Mating may occur throughout the year. Females give birth to 1 to 6 kittens, with an average of 3. Mother and cubs remain together for as long as 26 months, though the average is 15 months. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1265/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7988.jpg Stay Back Male pumas are also known as mountain lions, cougars, and panthers, among others. Adult males are larger than females, and can reach up to 7.9 feet (2.4 m) from nose to tip of tail, with a body weight approaching 220 pounds (100 kg).They are stealth hunters and use their size and weight to overcome prey. In Patagonia, Chile, Guanacos are their primary target. Guanacos are sizeable as well, weighing up to 265 pounds (120 kg) and standing 43-45 inches (110-116 cm) tall at the shoulder. Approximately 1 in 5 hunts are successful on average. This dominant male looks at the photographer as if to say "stay back". He appears rather healthy and well-fed. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1264/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8484.jpg Dominant Male Male pumas are also known as mountain lions, cougars, and panthers, among others. Adult males are larger than females, and can reach up to 7.9 feet (2.4 m) from nose to tip of tail, with a body weight approaching 220 pounds (100 kg). They are stealth hunters and use their size and weight to overcome prey. In Patagonia, Chile, Guanacos are their primary prey. Guanacos are sizeable as well, weighing up to 265 pounds (120 kg) and standing 43-45 inches (110-116 cm) tall at the shoulder. Only 1 in 5 hunts are successful on average. The bloody cheek on this puma would signify a recent successful hunt. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1263/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8598-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Dominant Male Male pumas are also known as mountain lions, cougars, panthers, among others. In fact, there are over 40 names for them in the English language alone. Males are notoriously shy and avoid human contact. Adult males are larger than females and can reach up to 7.9 feet (2.4 m) from nose to tip of tail, with a body weight up to 220 pounds (100kg). This one peers back toward its mate that was not far behind. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1262/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8932_PSE-2-3-2_crop-PSE.jpg Happy Couple 3 Pumas are also known as mountain lions, cougars, panthers and many more names. In fact, pumas hold the Guinness record for the animal with the most names, with over 40 names in English alone.Pumas exhibit sexual dimorphism, the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics. These differences may include secondary sex characteristics, size, weight, color, markings, or behavioral or cognitive traits. With pumas, there is a definite size difference between the much larger male and the female.Puma concolor is the scientific name for the genus and species. Concolor is Latin for "of uniform color", and the puma's coat reflects this. But there is wide variation in color as is readily apparent in this photograph of a mating pair. This large, dominant male, called "Dark" by the local trackers, is thought to be responsible for the darker colored coats in some of the younger pumas in the area. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1261/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0498-Pano_PSE_PSE-3-2_PSE.jpg Puma Stalking Approaching guanacos got the attention of this puma. She slowly and cautiously began to stalk the favorite prey animal of pumas in Patagonia. Here, she peers around the corner of a rocky ledge, taking care to remain hidden as she attempts to get closer. About 1 in 5 guanaco hunting attempts are successful. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1260/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3387-HDR_PSE-3.jpg Puma in Typical Patagonian Habitat The Patagonian Steppe is a wide open grassland interrupted by mountains and rocky cliffs. It is one of the many homes of the puma, a cat with the widest range of all. It inhabits North, Central and South America, making it the most widely distributed wild, terrestrial mammal in the Western Hemisphere. It is an adaptable species, but prefers habitats with dense underbrush and rocky areas for stalking its favorite prey in Patagonia, the Guanaco. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1259/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3454-HDR.jpg Nice Spot During the Patagonian winter a puma rests, basking in the rays of sunshine among the cliffs and mountains in southern Chile. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1258/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3482-Pano_PSE_PSE-3-2.jpg Free The Patagonian Steppe is defined by wide open spaces and grand vistas, quite a beautiful part of the world. It is also a haven of the puma, dwarfed by the landscape in this photo. Several of the Estancias (a private plot of land used for farming or raising cattle or sheep) have shunned the old ways of eliminating pumas, and have adopted policies that have instead allowed the them to flourish. The increasing numbers of pumas, and their relative accessibility, draws people from all over the world who are hoping to catch a glimpse of this amazing animal. Walking the steppe among these animals conveys a sense of what it means to be free. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1257/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9127-Enhanced-NR.jpg The Happy Couple 2 Pumas are also known as mountain lions, cougars, panthers and many more names. In fact, pumas hold the Guinness record for the animal with the most names, with over 40 names in English alone. Pumas exhibit sexual dimorphism, the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics. These differences may include secondary sex characteristics, size, weight, color, markings, or behavioral or cognitive traits. With pumas, there is a definite size difference between the much larger male and the female. Puma concolor is the scientific name for the genus and species. Concolor is Latin for "of uniform color", and the puma's coat reflects this. But there is wide variation in color as is readily apparent in this photograph of a mating pair. This large, dominant male, called "Dark" by the local trackers, is thought to be responsible for the darker colored coats in some of the younger pumas in the area. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1256/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9122_PSE_PSE.jpg The Happy Couple Pumas are also known as mountain lions, cougars, panthers and many more names. In fact, pumas hold the Guinness record for the animal with the most names, with over 40 names in English alone.Pumas exhibit sexual dimorphism, the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics. These differences may include secondary sex characteristics, size, weight, color, markings, or behavioral or cognitive traits. With pumas, there is a definite size difference between the much larger male and the female. Puma concolor is the scientific name for the genus and species. Concolor is Latin for "of uniform color", and the puma's coat reflects this. But there is wide variation in color as is readily apparent in this photograph of a mating pair. This large, dominant male, called "Dark" by the local trackers, is thought to be responsible for the darker colored coats in some of the younger pumas in the area. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1255/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9102_PSE.jpg Puma The puma (Puma concolor), also known as the panther, mountain lion and cougar, holds the Guinness record for the animal with the greatest number of names, with over 40 in English alone. True to its Latin name, "Concolor", the puma's color is plain but can vary greatly. The coat is typically tawny, but it otherwise ranges from silvery-grey to reddish with lighter patches on the underbody, including the jaws, chin, and throat. Pumas are mostly solitary animals, with only mothers and kittens living in groups. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1254/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9055_PSE_PSE.jpg Guard Cat Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1253/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0174.jpg On the Lookout A puma rests, sheltered among the rocky cliffs in Patagonia. They are always on the lookout for their favorite prey, the guanaco. It amazes me how quickly they go from a relaxed state to heightened alert if prey were to pass nearby or in the distance. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1252/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3482-Pano_PSE_PSE-166-1.jpg Free The Patagonian Steppe is defined by wide open spaces and grand vistas, quite a beautiful part of the world. It is also a haven of the puma, dwarfed by the landscape in this photo. Several of the Estancias (a private plot of land used for farming or raising cattle or sheep) have shunned the old ways of eliminating pumas, and have adopted policies that have instead allowed the them to flourish. The increasing numbers of pumas, and their relative accessibility, draws people from all over the world who are hoping to catch a glimpse of this amazing animal. Walking the steppe among these animals conveys a sense of what it means to be free. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1251/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0498-Pano_PSE_PSE-166-1.jpg Stalking Puma Approaching guanacos got the attention of this puma. She slowly and cautiously began to stalk the favorite prey animal of pumas in Patagonia. Here, she peers around the corner of a rocky ledge, taking care to remain hidden as she attempts to get closer. About 1 in 5 guanaco hunting attempts are successful. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1250/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0498-Pano_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg Stalking Puma Approaching guanacos got the attention of this puma. She slowly and cautiously began to stalk the favorite prey animal of pumas in Patagonia. Here, she peers around the corner of a rocky ledge, taking care to remain hidden as she attempts to get closer. About 1 in 5 guanaco hunting attempts are successful. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1249/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z92_3482-Pano_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg Free The Patagonian Steppe is defined by wide open spaces and grand vistas, quite a beautiful part of the world. It is also a haven of the puma, dwarfed by the landscape in this photo. Several of the Estancias (a private plot of land used for farming or raising cattle or sheep) have shunned the old ways of eliminating pumas, and have adopted policies that have instead allowed the them to flourish. The increasing numbers of pumas, and their relative accessibility, draws people from all over the world who are hoping to catch a glimpse of this amazing animal. Walking the steppe among these animals conveys a sense of what it means to be free. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1248/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0032-Pano_PSE-25-1_PSE.jpg Watching and Waiting A puma rests, sheltered among the rocky cliffs in Patagonia. They are always on the lookout for their favorite prey, the guanaco. It amazes me how quickly they go from a relaxed state to heightened alert if prey were to pass nearby or in the distance. Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1247/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0498-Pano_PSE_PSE-166-1.jpg Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1246/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_0498-Pano_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg Patagonia, Chile https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1245/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-456.jpg Looking Glass Rock in Autumn north Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1244/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-448_PSE_PSE.jpg Looking Glass Rock in Autumn Looking Glass Rock is seen from the Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina as fall colors begin to emerge. North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1243/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-460_PSE_PSE.jpg Looking Glass Rock North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1242/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-914-HDR_PSE.jpg Dawn along the Blue Ridge The sun emerges at the start of another day in autumn along the Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina. North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1241/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-1244_PSE_PSE.jpg Change of Seasons A fresh snow lies atop the fall foliage in the mountains of North Carolina, signifying the transition of the seasons. North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1240/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-Fall-23-798.jpg Sumac Fruit in Autumn North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1239/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-Fall-23-101.jpg Live and Dead Trees in Fall North Carolina. USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1238/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-323-HDR-Pano_PSE_PSE-3-1.jpg Blue Ridge Fall Color North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1237/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-162.jpg Patches of Color North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1236/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-161.jpg Patches of Color North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1235/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-422_PSE.jpg Autumn Zig-Zag Leaves are changing as Autumn progresses in the mountains, their bases meeting and creating a zig-zag pattern in the valley below. North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1234/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9006-Pano_PSE-266-1_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1233/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8874-Pano_PSE-25-1-3.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1232/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-1043-HDR_PSE.jpg Morning Along the Blue Ridge The sun emerges at the start of another day in autumn along the Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina. North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1231/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9006-Pano_PSE-266-1_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1230/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-Fall-23-230-HDR-Pano_PSE-4-1_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1229/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-1339_PSE.jpg Autumn Zig-Zag with Clouds and Sky North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1228/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-1160-HDR-Pano-2_PSE_PSE-266-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1227/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-977-HDR_PSE-ver-2_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1226/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10--827-HDR-Pano_PSE_PSE-25-1.jpg East Fork Overlook Sunrise Panorama Sunrise as viewed from East Fork Overlook along the Blue Ridge Parkway in Autumn. North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1225/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10--827-HDR-Pano_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg East Fork Overlook Sunrise at East Fork Overlook along the Blue Ridge Parkway in Early Fall. North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1224/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10-887-HDR-Pano_PSE-25-1_PSE.jpg Pounding Mill Overlook Sunrise from Pounding Mill Overlook along the Blue Ridge Parkway in Autumn North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1222/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8516.jpg Osprey Flyby South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1221/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7208.jpg Osprey takeoff South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1220/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6795_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1219/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_7776_PSE.jpg Tree Swallows Tree swallows are commonly found near the water in wooded habitats where they nest in the cavities of dead trees. They are among the most hyperactive and acrobatic birds I have ever seen and tried to photograph. They are never still for long, and they seem to be constantly squabbling. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1218/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6683-HDR_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1217/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6614-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1216/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6590-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1215/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6500-HDR_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1214/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6263-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1213/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_6248-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1212/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9087_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1211/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9162-HDR_PSE_PSE_PSE-3-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1210/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9237-HDR_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1209/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9444-HDR-Pano_PSE-2.5-1_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Foggy Blackwater Sunrise Panoramic view of sunrise along a calm blackwater river on a foggy morning. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1208/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9237-HDR_PSE_PSE.jpg Foggy Sunrise on a Calm Morning Dawn on a calm, foggy morning on a blackwater river. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1207/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9162-HDR_PSE_PSE_PSE-3-1.jpg Blackwater Sunrise Sun, sky and trees reflect in a blackwater river at dawn. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1206/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9087_PSE_PSE.jpg Sunrise, fog and Cypress Tress The sun rises on a calm day on a blackwater river in South Carolina. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1205/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9006-Pano_PSE-266-1_PSE.jpg Dawn on the River Clouds and Cypress Trees are reflected in the still water as the sun rises along blackwater river. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1204/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9006-Pano_PSE-25-1_PSE.jpg Dawn on the River A calm dawn on a blackwater river in South Carolina. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1203/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8904-Pano_PSE-2-1_PSE.jpg Waccamaw River Dawn Clouds, sky and trees are reflected in the morning stillness on a blackwater river. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1202/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8874-Pano_PSE-266-1_PSE.jpg Dawn on the River Panoramic view at dawn with clouds, sky and cypress trees reflected in a blackwater river. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1201/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8865_PSE_PSE.jpg Clouds, Trees and Moon at Dawn A calm river at dawn provides for a mirror-like reflection of the clouds, moon and trees. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1200/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8859-Pano_PSE_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg Dawn on the River Panoramic view of dawn on calm day on a blackwater river. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1199/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8814-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Dawn on the River Clouds and Cypress trees are reflected in the water of a blackwater river at dawn. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1198/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8814-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE.jpg Dawn on the River Clouds and cypress trees are reflected in the waters of a blackwater river at dawn. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1197/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8795-HDR.jpg Dawn on the River Cypress trees are reflected in the waters of a blackwater river at dawn. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1196/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8727-HDR_PSE.jpg Dawn on the River Cypress trees are reflected in the calm waters of a blackwater river at dawn South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1195/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9444-HDR-Pano_PSE-2.5-1_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Foggy Blackwater Sunrise Sunrise on a calm, foggy morning on a blackwater river. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1194/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9711_PSE.jpg Anhinga A female anhinga drys her wings after a morning of fishing. Anhingas are long-necked birds that can vary their buoyancy in water, sometimes swimming with only head and neck above water. They have been referred to as a 'Snakebird'. They are often solitary when feeding, but roost in groups and nest in colonies. They are seen mostly on quiet and sheltered waters, such as freshwater marshes, slow-moving rivers through cypress swamps, inlets and lagoons lined with mangroves, lakes with standing dead trees. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1193/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_9884.jpg Spider Lillies Spider Lillies (Hymenocallis coronaria), also called Cahaba lillies or shoal Lillies bloom along a blackwater river in South Carolina. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1192/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_8727-HDR_PSE_PSE.jpg Dawn on the River Dawn on a calm morning on a blackwater river. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1191/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3485_PSE-orton.jpg Low Country Spring You know spring is in full gear when the azaleas are blooming in South Carolina. Nothing says Low Country more than Azaleas flowering under Live Oaks draped in Spanish Moss. Except maybe sweet tea... South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1190/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3485_PSE-orton.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1189/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3485_PSE-orton.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1188/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3485_PSE-orton.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1187/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3461-HDR_PSE-with-orton.jpg Low Country Spring You know spring is in full gear when the azaleas are blooming in South Carolina. Nothing says Low Country more than Azaleas flowering under Live Oaks draped in Spanish Moss. Except maybe sweet tea... South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1186/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3467-HDR_PSE-orton.jpg Low Country Spring You know spring is in full gear when the azaleas are blooming in South Carolina. Nothing says Low Country more than Azaleas flowering under Live Oaks draped in Spanish Moss. Except maybe sweet tea... South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1185/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3485_PSE-orton.jpg Low Country Spring South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1184/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3542-HDR_PSE-orton_PSE.jpg Low Country Spring South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1183/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3455-HDR_PSE-orton.jpg Low Country Spring You know spring is in full gear when the azaleas are blooming in South Carolina. Nothing says Low Country more than Azaleas flowering under Live Oaks draped in Spanish Moss. Except maybe sweet tea... South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1182/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_5895-Pano_PSE_PSE.jpg 'tis the season When I stopped to photograph a white-tailed deer doe, she paused, looked back, and was trying to lead me away. Out of the corner of my eye I realized why. A newborn fawn was lying beneath a cluster of trees, still as can be. It was doing what it is programmed to do. In the face of danger they will lie completely still, odorless and camouflaged, hoping to evade predators. I shot a few pictures of it from a distance with a telephoto lens and left it alone. I checked back a 5 hours later and it was in exactly the same position. With no sign of the mother, I fought the urge to try to "help" the "abandoned" fawn, knowing that newborns will often be left for several hours at a time. This gives the mother time to feed and keeps attention away from its vulnerable offspring. Mom is usually not far away. I checked back in the morning and it was gone. Mom returned during night and the fawn was relocated. Shortly, the fawn will be strong enough to follow the doe during its daily routines. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1181/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_5861.jpg 'tis the season When I stopped to photograph a white-tailed deer doe, she paused, looked back, and was trying to lead me away. Out of the corner of my eye I realized why. A newborn fawn was lying beneath a tree cluster, still as can be. It was doing what it is programmed to do. In the face of danger they will lie completely still, odorless and camouflaged, hoping to evade predators. I shot a few pictures of it from a distance with a telephoto lens and left it alone. I checked back a 5 hours later and it was in exactly the same position. With no sign of the mother, I fought the urge to try to "help" the "abandoned" fawn, knowing that newborns will often be left for several hours at a time. This gives the mother time to feed and keeps attention away from its vulnerable offspring. Mom is usually not far away. I checked back in the morning and it was gone. Mom returned during night and the fawn was relocated. Shortly, the fawn will be strong enough to follow the doe during its daily routines. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/elephant-exhibiting-aggressive-behavior-after-dust-bathing-3/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Aggressive-Elephant_PSE.jpg Elephant exhibiting aggressive behavior after dust bathing During the dry season, after drinking at a waterhole and spraying its back with mud, this elephant retreated from the water to dust bath. I was attracted to this backlit scene as the late afternoon light gave some color to dust that was kicked up. I shot multiple images but when this elephant began to show signs of aggression, I slowly backed off to give it space. There are many signs of aggression an elephants may exhibit when upset and they will use their trunks, ears and movements of its head to indicate this aggression. The ears are held out to make them look larger, they will shake their head from side to side and may raise their trunk. An angry elephant will stand tall, increasing its height by raising its head and chin and look down at an adversary over its tusks. They will often rock a foot, swinging one of the feet up and down, kicking up dust. These signs are their way of letting you know they are uncomfortable and that you should give them space or risk a charge. https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1179/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220919_146_PSE-3_PSE.jpg Feeding the Pups Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/painted-wolves-chasing-cape-buffalo-through-the-forest-2/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_911_PSE-2_PSE.jpg The Chase Africa's wild dogs have been known by several names including African painted wolves, African hunting dog, Cape hunting dog, painted hunting dog and painted dog. Whatever they are called, there is no denying they are one formidable predator. The Painted wolves are specialists in pack hunting, generally pursuing medium sized antelopes. Built for speed and endurance, chases frequently occur over several kilometers at speeds up to 66 km/hr during which they chase larger prey to exhaustion. Teamwork and communication help establish the wild dogs as one of the most successful hunters in Africa, with success rates of more than 60%. A particular pack of wild dogs in Zambia's Lower Zambezi National Park has grown to over 20, and has now taken to hunting the very formidable Cape Buffalo. The dogs' pursuit of the thundering herd has kicked up quite a dust cloud. That, combined with the contrasty light filtering through the winterthorn acacia trees nicely sets the atmosphere of this image. Lower Zambezi National Park, Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1177/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_473_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg No Chance Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1176/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_1637_PSE-5_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/a-cape-buffalo-attempts-to-rescue-a-calf-surrounded-by-painted-w-2/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_712_PSE-4_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE-166-to-1.jpg A Cape Buffalo attempts to Rescue a calf surrounded by Painted W The commotion is about to begin again after a prolonged chase. A Cape Buffalo approaches a calf overrun by Africa's Painted Wolves as others prepare to follow. Cape Buffalos will frequently attempt to rescue one of their own, and often succeed, as they do not give up easily. But this attempt rallies some of the pack members that just seconds before were resting after the chase. It was size and strength against persistence and numbers. As this was occurring, a female wolf chews on one of the calf's ears, as a vulture takes to the air to avoid the tussle. In Zambia's Lower Zambezi National Park, the pack-size has grown so large that the Painted Wolves are now killing up to three animals per day to feed it. It's no wonder that they must patrol vast territories to survive. https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1174/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_411_PSE-2_PSE-Crop-and-branches-Highlights-out_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1173/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220919_197-2_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1172/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220919_277-2_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1171/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220920_92_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1170/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9648-ext-edit_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Foggy Dawn Cypress trees draped with Spanish moss are reflected in the stillness of a blackwater river on a calm, foggy morning. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1169/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9646-ext-edit_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1168/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9641-ext-edit-3_PSE_PSE.jpg Blackwater MIrror Cypress trees draped with Spanish moss are reflected in the stillness of a blackwater river on a calm, foggy morning. South Carolina, USa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1167/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9639-ext-edit-ext-edit_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1166/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9621-ext-edit-Despected_PSE.jpg Pastel Reflections Cypress trees draped with Spanish moss are reflected in the stillness of a blackwater river on a calm, foggy morning. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/pirating/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Pirating_-2.jpg Pirating Each year in the backcountry of Alaska, salmon runs in Katmai National Park and Preserve draw many brown bears into close proximity. Several fishing techniques have been documented and have been termed: the dash-and-grab, the sit-and-wait, the stand-and-wait, diving, snorkeling, and the technique seen here called pirating. Bears that pirate a catch have learned to steal fish directly from other bears. If a pirating bear is larger, the smaller bear will most often abandon its catch. Therefore, it is not unusual for smaller bears to move away with their catch to eat it, where they can avoid the hungry advances of another bear. If the bears are well-matched, a conflict may erupt. Dominance is asserted by directly facing the adversary, accompanied by neck stretching, muzzle twisting and ears rotated toward the rear. Mouths are open showing off their canines, and the upper and lower lips hang loosely. Vocalizations can include a deep rumbling growl, evidenced here by the salmon eggs extruded from the mouth of the bear on the right. During confrontations, bears may use their paws to strike their opponents in the chest or shoulders, but in this case, the bear on the left used a stealthy move of his paw to reach in and steal the prize. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/play-fighting/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5917_PSE.jpg Play Fighting In one of the many streams in the backcountry of Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve, these two sibling cubs began play fighting. They repeatedly sized each other up, engaged, then retreated, with each one at times gaining the upper "paw". Often baring their teeth (no pun intended), they looked wide-eyed and fearsome. But both knew the limits, and never once did one seem to be hurting or injuring the other. There are many purported reasons as to why cubs fight, but most experts believe it is to hone the skills they will need to survive once they separate from mom. With repeated engagements, they can learn which fighting techniques work best, evaluate the risks, test their reaction times and fighting abilities, all without much risk of injury. But it may also help to strengthen social bonds and cope with stress, increase tolerance of other bears, burn off energy, or just simply be for fun. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/puku-courting/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Puku-Courting-2.jpg Puku Courting The puku (Kobus vardonii) is a species of antelope found in wetlands and grasslands in southern Africa, including Zambia's South Luangwa National Park. As with many of Africa's antelope, they live in herds of females, youngsters and immature males, headed by a dominant territorial male. During the breeding season, male pukus compete for dominance and mating opportunities. They establish territories and engage in behaviors such as marking their territory with urine and dung. Dominant males will actively defend their territories and challenge rival males. Puku have a polygynous mating system, in which males mate with more than one female. When they come into estrus every 25 days or so, it attracts the attention of the dominant male. The male may perform elaborate courtship displays, which can include head bobbing, posturing, vocalizations, and tapping the prospective mates with his forelegs. If the female is receptive, she allows him to mate with her. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/stotting-impala/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Stotting-Impala-2.jpg Stotting Impala African Wild Dogs are very good at hunting medium-sized antelopes, such as the impala, with success rates up to 80%. They hunt by coursing, simply walking up to its prey to initiate chase. Hunts can cover long distances, at speeds up to 41 mph (66 km/h). Several adaptations allow these dogs to chase prey for long distances and at speed. They are comparatively lean and tall, possess graceful skeletons, and the loss of the first digit on their forefeet increases their stride and speed. But for its part the impala is no easy prey. The Impala's slight build veils the fact that it is one of fastest animals on the planet, reaching speeds in excess of 50 mph (80 km/h). From a standing start, antelopes are capable of leaping higher than 10 ft (3 m) in the air, and can bound across distances of up to 32 ft (10 m) when in full flight. Stotting (also called pronking or pronging) is a defense strategy to avoid being signaled out as prey. The impala will spring high into the air, lifting all four feet off the ground showcasing its fitness. This has been termed an 'honest signal' to predators, in that the stotting animal would be difficult to catch, so the predator should not bother to chase them. In biology, these honest signals are actions intended to change the behavior of receiver in ways that benefit the signaler. Although it looks on, perhaps contemplating chase, this signal appears to have worked as this dog did not engage. This scene unfolded in Zambia's South Luangwa National Park and was captured with a slow shutter speed to accentuate the dynamics of the situation. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/tenderness/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Tenderness-2.jpg Tenderness A female baboon gives birth every other year, usually to a single infant after a six-month gestation. The newborn baboon has the typical young primates' ingrained gripping reflex. It is able to hold itself against its mother's belly, with tightly grasping hands and feet, almost immediately after birth. This strong grip enables the infant to help its mother carry it all day as it clings to the fur. Mother and infant have a strong bond, exhibited in this image of an olive baboon and her infant, in Zimbabwe's Hwange National Park. She gently nestles the infant and looks down at it tenderly as it nurses. Care of a baboon infant usually comes primarily from its mother, who is the infant's only source of nutrition until the infant can forage on its own. Primate milk is not very rich and infants need to drink frequently throughout the day to obtain enough nutrition to survive and grow. After only a few weeks an infant can climb, and it immediately begins playing and exploring for food. A mother's weaning of an infant from her milk is a protracted affair, generally done amid protests and temper tantrums by her infant. 
While the mother tends to be the primary caregiver, several females will share in those duties. Mothers with lots of female friends are the most successful parents. Baboon mothers who formed networks of female friends were about a third more successful at raising their young than were females who spent more time alone or isolated. If a baboon survives to one year it has a strong chance of making it to adulthood and breeding. Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/texture/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Texture-2.jpg Texture During the dry season, water can be quite scarce and most animals will congregate around the best, nearest water source. At Kanga Pan, in Mana Pools National Park in Zimbabwe, many types of wildlife can be found near the water throughout the day and night. They come to drink, mud-bathe and sometimes simply to frolic in the cooling waters. 
Quietly sitting in a hide near the water can allow safe, up-close encounters with elephants. In this relatively tight shot, the main identifying traits of an elephant are readily identified: the tusk, the trunk and the eye. 
Elephants are for the most part relatively monochromatic, and lend themselves to black and white photography. This accentuates the texture in the many folds of skin, and eliminates color as a distraction. Except for the eye: leaving it colored adds life to the image. Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/the-dash-and-grab/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/The-Dash-and-Grab-2.jpg The Dash-and-Grab Each summer, millions of salmon make their way from the ocean back up into the rivers and lakes of Katmai National Park and Preserve, ultimately spawning in the streams from which they came. This draws a multitude of brown bears intent on capitalizing on this wealth of protein and fat, which will help them through the long winter ahead. They employ a variety of techniques to help them take advantage of this bounty. When salmon are concentrated, some bears use what has been termed the "dash-and-grab" method catch fish. These bears will station themselves in an area where the fish are plentiful, and at the right time will chase after a fish using their paws to pin them to the river bottom. This technique requires a substantial amount of energy, but can be very productive. Once caught, the choicest parts of the fish are eaten, before repeating the process. Bears can eat up to 40 salmon per day Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/the-hippo-and-the-sausage/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/The-hippo-and-the-Sausage_-2.jpg The hippo and the Sausage The sausage tree (Kigelia Africana) is native to tropical Africa where it grows in open woodlands, along riverbanks and streams, and in floodplains. It flowers mainly at night for a few weeks each year, displaying large, deep red blossoms. The flowers produce a large amount of nectar and are eaten by antelopes and baboons. The tree's leaves are eaten by a small range of herbivores from elephant to kudu. It produces fruit up to 3 feet in length, weighing up to 30 pounds. Some wildlife eat the tough fruit, including hippos, monkeys, porcupines, and some birds. Hippos spend most of the day in water and emerge at night to feed. They typically feed on patches of short grass near water, but may travel several miles to find food. On average, hippos eat about 88 pounds of food each night, which is about 1 to 1.5% of their body weight. To balance their diet out, hippos will eat a few species of wild fruit, including those of the sausage tree. This hippo struggled to swallow the tough-skinned sausage, the remnants of which lie on the ground next to him. The bite force of a hippo is 2,000 pounds per square inch. Their canines are not used for eating, but they use their molars and premolars to grind and crush the food. It took a while to get this meal down, as the tough sausage caused some irritation and bleeding in its mouth. Eventually, with mission accomplished and with the sun getting hotter, it ventured back into the Luangwa River in Zambia's South Luangwa National Park. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/the-right-place-at-the-right-time/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2438_PSE_PSE.jpg The Right Place at the Right Time Each year, sockeye salmon runs inundate the backcountry rivers of Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve. They navigate from the open ocean into the rivers, lakes, and streams, back to the headwaters in which they were hatched. There they spawn and lay the eggs that will give rise to the next generation. Tens of millions of Sockeye salmon enter the park's waters each year. As the salmon concentrate, so do the bears. It is estimated that 2,200 brown bears inhabit the park, one of the highest densities in the world. Many of these normally solitary bears head toward the waterways, moving upstream with the salmon, gorging themselves along the way. But the bears must be wary and follow the rules of congregating. The larger bears generally get the best fishing spots. Bears size each other up and tussles break out. Moms must protect their cubs, while teaching them to fish. Most avoid direct interactions with others, but sometimes lessons are learned the hard way. A wider-angle lens is used here to set the overall scene. A polarizer was added to cut through the glare and showcase the salmon in the foreground. One bear fished, while two others eat. A mom with her cub evaluates the intentions of an approaching bear. Gulls wait around for scraps. There is a lot going on at any one time. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/wet/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Wet-2.jpg Wet The common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) frequents the oceans, bays and channels along the South Carolina Coast. They are quite intelligent and can be seen working as a team to herd fish, thereby maximizing the density and their chances of feeding successfully. They take turns diving and eating, returning to the surface briefly to breath, while others then take their turn to dive and feed. They are, of course, unaffected by a heavy rainfall for obvious reasons. Only the photographer struggled, trying to keep the equipment dry and the lens free of fog and water drops while making this image. The heavy rainfall completes this photo, lending to it a painterly, almost impressionistic affect, while muting out the colors and unimportant details. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/nothing-wasted/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Nothing-Wasted-2.jpg Nothing Wasted In the summer, brown bears gather in the streams of the backcountry of Alaska to take advantage of the sockeye runs through Katmai National Park and Preserve. These runs are vital to the survival of the bears which must gain enough weight to make it through their long winter hibernation. When food is abundant, bears generally eat only the most nutritious parts of the salmon, such as the fatty skin, eggs or the head/brain. This process is known as "high grading". When there is a glut of fish on which to feed, bears may 'high grade", and simply leave the rest of the carcass for other bears or animals to scavenge. When the density of salmon in the stream decreases, bears will gather dead and dying fish that lie below the surface. Although just 'caught', this salmon has clearly been partially eaten and discarded. But what one bear leaves behind, another cherishes. Nothing is wasted. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/mine/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Mine-2.jpg Mine Sockeye salmon enter the waters around Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska during the summer. They are making their way upstream to their natal home to spawn. They are met on the way by a host of brown bears intending to interrupt their journey. The salmon run is very important to the lifecycle of the bears. Each must eat enough to gain a sufficient amount of weight to make it through the long winter hibernation ahead. Bears have been observed eating up to 40 salmon per day, though not always the whole fish. They are protective of their catch as there are others out to "pirate" or steal it. This bear makes eye contact just after the catch, keeping me in check, as if to say "stay away". The sockeye's death gives life to the bear. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/focused/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Focused-2.jpg Focused Brown bears in Alaska emerge from hibernation having lost up to a third of their body weight. They are omnivorous, eating berries, fruit, leaves, nuts, clams, roots, and carrion. In Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska, bears head to the meadows and mudflats early in the season to search for sedges and clams, respectively. Later in the summer is a time of plenty for these bears. When the salmon runs arrive, it is not unusual for bears to gain 200 - 300 pounds, with some bears approaching 1000 lbs. Bears are strong, fast, athletic and have quick reactions. They see in color and have keen eyesight that is particularly attuned to detecting movement. All of this makes them quite capable of spotting, chasing and catching the bright-red sockeye salmon that spawn in these rivers and streams every year. Each may catch and eat up to 40 fish per day. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/exhausted/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Exhausted-2.jpg Exhausted Early on, leopard cubs are quite vulnerable and defenseless, and are completely dependent on their mother for food and protection. They are closely guarded and watched by their moms who must make crucial decisions regarding their safety. Initially they are hidden away while she hunts, and they keep to their den. As they grow, their ability to fend for themselves increases, and mom will no longer need to hide them away while she is out hunting. The cubs will be left in a general area where they might roam around and explore. Mock hunting, stalking and pouncing on siblings helps formulate and fine-tune the skills that will be required later in life. As their bodies develop and they get stronger, they accompany mom on her excursions. In Zambia's South Luangwa National Park, we watched these leopard cubs for quite some time, entertained by their antics. They finally exhausted themselves as the light was fading. Both cubs just about fell asleep in these positions. They were in their own little world, for that moment oblivious to the threats around them. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/exhale/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Exhale-2.jpg Exhale With a pair of red-billed oxpeckers along for the ride, a hippopotamus exhales as it swims in the Zambezi River near Zambia. 
Hippos are adapted to an aquatic environment. The dorsal position of their nostrils facilitates surface breathing while the body is submerged, and the closed resting position of the nostrils protects the respiratory tract from water intrusion. They also possess nasal plugs that seal the nasal cavity, constituting a second mechanism to prevent water entry. These factors allow a fully submerged to close its nostrils, while also folding back its ears to prevent water entry. They can stay underwater for as long as five or six minutes. When they come up, they exhale loudly, snorting and hissing as air blasts out of their nostrils. 
Oxpeckers are endemic to the savanna of Sub-Saharan Africa. They possess wide bills, short legs, stiff tails, and have three sharp claws facing forward and one facing backward. Oxpecker feet are strong and excellent for clinging to surfaces. 
The hippo and the oxpecker are thought to have a mutual relationship, with both the hippo and oxpecker benefitting. The birds remove ticks, flies and other insects from the bodies and/or wounds on these animals. But this mutual relationship has also been questioned, and the oxpeckers could be considered parasites instead. Oxpeckers have been observed to open new wounds and enhance existing ones in order to drink the blood of their host. And most of the ticks they remove have already fed on the hosts blood, thereby minimizing the benefits of removal. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/escape/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2473_PSE-eyes-cleaned_PSE.jpg Escape Attempt Each year during the summer, in Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska, Sockeye salmon (also known as reds) return from the northern Pacific Ocean where they have spent the last two or three years. They travel up into the freshwater rivers and streams, attempting to return to the headwaters of their birth. The collective goal is to fertilize and deposit the eggs that will produce the next generation of Sockeye. Once entering the freshwater, they stop feeding and undergo a physical transformation, changing both shape and color. The head turns green and the body bright red, as the orange-red pigments from the fish's flesh concentrate in the skin. Sockeye males undergo the most radical changes, developing humps on their backs and forming a kype - a curved mouth with large teeth. Spawning is the last act of their life cycle. The journey is arduous, as the salmon must overcome many obstacles. They must adapt to the freshwater environment, navigate through natural impediments such as waterfalls, and avoid predators such as the many brown bears that congregate along their way. Salmon are innately determined, and relentless in their attempts to procreate. As a brown bear closes in on it, this sockeye rises out of, and then skips along the surface of the water attempting to escape. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/engorged/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Engorged-2.jpg Engorged Cheetahs have an average hunting success rate of 40 to 50 percent. But after hunting cheetahs usually are exhausted and have to rest a while before eating. This is a serious disadvantage, as other carnivores may come and steal the kill. Most other carnivores are larger, stronger, and can outnumber the cheetahs, so they are forced to surrender their kill about 10-15% of the time. Juveniles and adult males eat quickly on the spot of the kill before it can be stolen. Female cheetahs, in contrast, spend their time on alert looking out for other predators while giving their cubs time to eat. Lions kill cheetahs if given the chance, and predators take over half their young in the first 3 months. Cub mortality is higher in protected areas like Etosha National Parks in Namibia, where this image was made. In these areas, the concentration of large predators is greater than in non-protected areas. Repeatedly encouraged by its mother, this cub ate rather quickly and became so engorged that it went over to rest in the shade of a tree. It was in obvious discomfort, waddling as it walked. Fortunately, other than a pesky jackal, no other predators were around and its mother and sibling got their fill as well. Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/dont/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2935_PSE-2_PSE.jpg Back off! Bears are normally solitary animals, yet they will tolerate others when there is an abundant food source around. But there are limitations. This disagreement began as one bear approached the other's choice fishing spot in a backcountry stream filled with salmon. Not willing to back off, it rose to the challenge and an altercation began, in Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve. Bear confrontations involve displays of physical strength, roaring, and posturing to establish dominance and deter the other. Rarely do they escalate into all out fights. Dominance is asserted by directly facing the other, showing off the canines, curling the lips, muzzle twisting and neck stretching. Brown bears have thick fur, tough skin, strong, muscular bodies, and are able to withstand and deliver powerful blows. A bear will use their paws to strike their opponents in the chest or shoulders, and bite the head or neck. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/curious/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD5284-Enhanced-NR_PSE_PSE.jpg Curious A lioness will leave the pride to give birth to her cubs while hidden in dense bush. Newborn cubs are quite helpless; their eyes aren't even open until they are 3-11 days old. But they are quick developers and they start walking by 2 weeks and can run by 4 weeks. Lion cubs drink only milk for the first 10 weeks. The weaning process is usually complete when the cubs are 10 months old. By one year they are exclusively eating meat. 
Lion cubs, also called whelps and lionets, are rather bold explorers by nature. In many cases this can put them directly in harm's way. All lion cubs face high mortality for a host of reasons, including injuries, lack of food, illness and being killed by adult lions or other predators. On average, only half of cubs reach adulthood. 
While mom was sleeping, this cub came to investigate the visitors to Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe. Fortunately for the cub they were friendly, and only interested in observing. I like the natural framing of the cub by the lionesses' limbs, and the single nipple in view, reminding the viewer of their ongoing connection. Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/pouncing/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4681_PSE-new.jpg Dash and Grab Millions of sockeye salmon return from the Pacific Ocean to the Bristol Bay watershed in Alaska every summer. Brown bears begin to congregate as soon as the salmon arrive. The brown bears in Katmai National Park and Preserve are some of the largest in the world. According to the park service, they can stand 3-5 feet (.9-1.5 m) at the shoulder and measure 7-10 feet (2.1-3 m) in length. Most adult males weigh 600-900 pounds (272-408 kg) in mid-summer, but can grow to as large as 1000 pounds (454 kg). Adult females average about 1/3 less in weight. Bears can run up to 35 mph. Moving that much mass that quickly requires large amounts of energy. Brown bears have been known to eat up to 40 salmon per day. Rich in fat and protein, each 5 lb sockeye can contain up to 3800 calories. Though they may expend a great deal of energy repetitively chasing down salmon, they are generally able to gain 200-300 pounds in the summer. Watching them hunt using the dynamic "dash-and-grab" method is nothing short of amazing. The incredible fitness, power, and athleticism is astounding to witness at close range. Focusing on this bear as it chased down a salmon, it grew larger rather quickly, closing down the distance in seconds. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/capable/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3097_PSE_PSE.jpg Capable Perfectly suited for the job chasing down and catching salmon, this large brown bear hunts the streams of Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska. Fast, strong and agile, brown bears possess excellent eyesight and reactions. They are further equipped for the job with large, curved front claws up to 3 inches (7.6 cm) in length, and measuring up to 4 inches (10.2 cm) along the curve. During mid and late summer, they congregate in the backwaters of the Alaskan tundra, focused on gaining weight to prepare for the long winter hibernation. Mature bears here can gain 30-40% of their body weight in the summer, mostly from eating sockeye salmon. They are generally tolerant of human visitors when food is in abundance. This dynamic image captures the rugged beauty of a brown bear on its turf, in its prime. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/blending-in/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Blending-In-2.jpg Blending In Chameleons are famous for their ability to change color to match their surroundings. While not all species have this ability, those that do use it for camouflage, social communication, and in reactions to temperature and other environmental conditions. This color change is possible due to nerves that are stimulated by what the chameleon sees. This causes pigments called melanophores to darken the skin, and at the same time obscure the bright yellow and red pigments known as chromotophores. This one blends in quite nicely with the surrounding green grass in Tanzania's Serengeti National Park. The upper and lower eyelids of a chameleon are joined, leaving only one cone-shaped eyelid with a gap large enough to expose the pupil. To maximize its field of vision, the chameleon can move its eyes independently of one another so that it can look in multiple directions at the same. Famously, they also possess a projectile tongue that can shoot forward with muscular contractions at speeds up to 15 meters per second, grasping prey on its sticky tip. A chameleon walks extremely slowly, almost as if staggering. This rocking back and forth motion is used to avoid detection, as it appears to be swaying a leaf in the wind. Tanzania, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/black-rhinoceros-portrait/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Black-Rhinoceros-Portrait-2.jpg Black Rhinoceros Portrait The Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) gets its name from the Greek "di", meaning "two" and "ceros", meaning "horn". Unfortunately, these two horns make it a target of poachers. As a result, black rhino populations suffered a drastic decline at the end of the 20th century, having lost 96% of the population between 1970 and 1990. Rhino horn is usually smuggled overseas, mostly to Asia, where it is used in traditional medicine. It is also touted as a hangover cure and has become a status symbol. Poaching continues, despite the fact that a rhino horn is largely composed of keratin, the same protein that makes up human fingernails and hair. The horn grows in layers from skin cells that are later keratinized. At the center of the horn are layers of calcium and melanin that strengthens the horn. There is no scientific basis for any medicinal claims. It remains critically endangered, but there is some hope. Intense anti-poaching efforts and strategic translocations to safer areas have allowed the species to slowly recover. The African Rhino Specialist Group (AfRSG) of the IUCN's Species Survival Commission (SSC), estimates a 12% growth in black rhino populations in recent years, from approximately 5,495 individuals in 2017, to more than 6,000 today. Not having seen a black rhino up close in the wild for many years, I was happy to have the chance to work with this cooperative subject in Etosha National Park in Namibia. Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/birds-on-a-bar/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Birds-On-a-Bar-2.jpg Birds On a Bar On a blustery day towards the tail end of a storm, the two species of pelicans that inhabit the coast of South Carolina take refuge on a sandbar. The Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) is found in much larger numbers along the coast, while the American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchus) is less frequently seen. The American White Pelican is a huge waterbird with a massive wingspan up to 114 inches (290 cm) and weigh up to 317 oz (9000 g). They are largely western state birds, wintering along the Pacific and Gulf coasts, then breeding in lakes throughout the Midwest, West and Canada. South Carolina doesn't even show up on maps of their range, although they have been showing up along the coast for years, and their numbers are increasing. Most of the white pelicans seen in South Carolina are juveniles, later migrating to the upper Midwest and Canada to breed as they mature. Brown pelicans have wingspans up to 90 inches (229 cm), and are smaller, weighing up to 176 oz (5000 g). They have dark gray bodies with a white neck, and a pale yellow head that turns to bright yellow during breeding. These large birds live and breed strictly in saltwater habitats near the ocean's coastline, rarely venturing more than 20 miles from the shore. Beside their size and color, they also differ in their feeding habits. American White Pelicans scoop up fish by dipping their large beaks and pouches into the water, often working as a team herding fish into shallow areas. Brown Pelicans fly high into the sky and then plunge aggressively headfirst into the water. These dives stun the surrounding fish, which are then scooped up with their enormous throat pouch and swallowed whole. This image is stitched together from a group of 8 images taken from a rocking boat with a 500 mm lens to avoid disturbing the resting birds. https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1141/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3715-HDR-Pano_PSE_PSE-266-1.jpg Sunset over a Rice-field The sun sets over an old ricefield in South Carolina. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1140/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_3715-HDR-Pano_PSE_PSE-3-1.jpg Streaming Clouds Sunset The sun sets over an old rice-field in South Carolina South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1139/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5274.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1138/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1137/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-6046_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1136/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-6010_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1135/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-6006_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1134/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5997_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1133/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5982_PSE-2-3_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1132/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5980_PSE.jpg Brown Bear and Salmon Each year during the summer, in Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska, Sockeye salmon (also known as reds) return from the northern Pacific Ocean where they have spent the last two or three years. They travel up into the freshwater rivers and streams, attempting to return to the headwaters of their birth. The collective goal is to fertilize and deposit the eggs that will produce the next generation of Sockeye.The journey is arduous, as the salmon must overcome many obstacles. They must adapt to the freshwater environment, navigate through natural impediments such as waterfalls, and avoid predators such as the many brown bears that congregate along their way. Salmon are innately determined, and relentless in their attempts to procreate.This brown bear occupies a prime fishing spot at the top of Brooks Falls. Salmon swimming upstream jump the waterfall, some right into the bears' paws. Another did not succeed in getting over the falls, but survived to try again. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1131/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5942_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1130/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5917_PSE.jpg Brown Bear Cubs Play Fighting In one of the many streams in the backcountry of Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve, these two sibling cubs began play fighting. They repeatedly sized each other up, engaged, then retreated, with each one at times gaining the upper "paw". Often baring their teeth (no pun intended), they looked wide-eyed and fearsome. But both knew the limits, and never once did one seem to be hurting or injuring the other.There are many purported reasons as to why cubs fight, but most experts believe it is to hone the skills they will need to survive once they separate from mom. With repeated engagements, they can learn which fighting techniques work best, evaluate the risks, test their reaction times and fighting abilities, all without much risk of injury. But it may also help to strengthen social bonds and cope with stress, increase tolerance of other bears, burn off energy, or just simply be for fun. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1129/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5916_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1128/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5907_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1127/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5879_PSE.jpg Dash and Grab Each summer, millions of salmon make their way from the ocean back up into the rivers and lakes of Katmai National Park and Preserve. Their goal is to journey to and spawn in the streams from which they came. Bears capitalize on this wealth of protein and fat to help get them through the long winter ahead. They employ a variety of techniques to help them take advantage of this bounty.When salmon are concentrated, some bears use what has been termed the "dash-and-grab" method catch fish. These bears will station themselves in an area where the fish are plentiful, and at the right time will chase after a fish using their paws to pin them to the river bottom. This technique requires a substantial amount of energy, but can be very productive. Once caught, the choicest parts of the fish are eaten, before repeating the process. Bears can eat up to 40 salmon per day. Katmai National Park https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1126/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5849_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1125/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5809_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1124/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5779_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1123/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5775_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1122/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5719_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1121/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5713_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1120/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5707_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1119/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5701_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1118/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5692_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1117/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5681_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1116/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5673_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1115/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5672_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1114/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5665_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1113/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5663_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1112/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5616_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1111/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5614_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1110/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5603_PSE.jpg Solitary Bear The brown bears in Katmai National Park and Preserve are some of the largest in the world. According to the park service, they can stand 3-5 feet (.9-1.5 m) at the shoulder and measure 7-10 feet (2.1-3 m) in length. Most adult males weigh 600-900 pounds (272-408 kg) in mid-summer, but can grow to as large as 1000 pounds (454 kg). Adult females average about 1/3 less in weight. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1109/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5601_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1108/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5592_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1107/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5578_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1106/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5510_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1105/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5462_PSE_PSE.jpg Brown Bear in Meadow This brown bear crosses a meadow in Katmai National Park and Preserve. She seemed upset as she paced back and forth. We felt that perhaps she had recently lost her cubs. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1104/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5430_PSE.jpg Brown Bear Cubs Altercation In one of the many streams in the backcountry of Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve, these two sibling cubs began play fighting. They repeatedly sized each other up, engaged, then retreated, with each one at times gaining the upper "paw". Often baring their teeth (no pun intended), they looked wide-eyed and fearsome. But both knew the limits, and never once did one seem to be hurting or injuring the other.There are many purported reasons as to why cubs fight, but most experts believe it is to hone the skills they will need to survive once they separate from mom. With repeated engagements, they can learn which fighting techniques work best, evaluate the risks, test their reaction times and fighting abilities, all without much risk of injury. But it may also help to strengthen social bonds and cope with stress, increase tolerance of other bears, burn off energy, or just simply be for fun. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1103/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5420_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1102/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5354.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1101/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5353.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1100/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5335_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1099/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5209_PSE.jpg Large Paw The brown bears in Katmai National Park and Preserve are some of the largest in the world. According to the park service, they can stand 3-5 feet (.9-1.5 m) at the shoulder and measure 7-10 feet (2.1-3 m) in length. Most adult males weigh 600-900 pounds (272-408 kg) in mid-summer, but can grow to as large as 1000 pounds (454 kg). Adult females average about 1/3 less in weight. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1098/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5175_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1097/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5156_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1096/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5141_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1095/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5134_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1094/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5111_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1093/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5098.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1092/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5063_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1091/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5050_PSE.jpg Brown Bear with Sockeye Salmon Each summer in Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska, Sockeye salmon (also known as reds) return from the northern Pacific Ocean where they have spent the last two or three years. They travel up into the freshwater rivers and streams, attempting to return to the headwaters of their birth to spawn. Once entering the freshwater, the salmon stop feeding and undergo a physical transformation, changing both shape and color. The head turns green and the body bright red, as the orange-red pigments from the fish's flesh concentrate in the skin. Sockeye males undergo the most radical changes, developing humps on their backs and forming a kype - a curved mouth with large teeth. Spawning is the last act of their life cycle.The journey is arduous, as the salmon must overcome many obstacles. They must adapt to the freshwater environment, navigate through natural impediments such as waterfalls, and avoid predators such as the many brown bears that congregate along their way. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1090/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5046.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1089/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-5031_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1088/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4918_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1087/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4849_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1086/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4831_PSE.jpg Brown Bear Cubs Altercation In one of the many streams in the backcountry of Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve, these two sibling cubs began play fighting. They repeatedly sized each other up, engaged, then retreated, with each one at times gaining the upper "paw". Often baring their teeth (no pun intended), they looked wide-eyed and fearsome. But both knew the limits, and never once did one seem to be hurting or injuring the other.There are many purported reasons as to why cubs fight, but most experts believe it is to hone the skills they will need to survive once they separate from mom. With repeated engagements, they can learn which fighting techniques work best, evaluate the risks, test their reaction times and fighting abilities, all without much risk of injury. But it may also help to strengthen social bonds and cope with stress, increase tolerance of other bears, burn off energy, or just simply be for fun. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1085/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4829_PSE.jpg Brown Bear Fishing Bears can run up to 35 mph. Moving that much mass that quickly requires large amounts of energy. Brown bears have been known to eat up to 40 salmon per day. Rich in fat and protein, each 5 lb sockeye can contain up to 3800 calories. Though they may expend a great deal of energy repetitively chasing down salmon, they are generally able to gain 200-300 pounds in the summer.Watching them hunt using the dynamic "dash-and-grab" method is nothing short of amazing. The incredible fitness, power, and athleticism is astounding to witness at close range. This bear is "all-in" as it chases down sockeye salmon with all four paws in the air. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1084/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4812_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1083/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4791_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1082/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4760_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1081/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4737_PSE-2.jpg Pirating Each year in the backcountry of Alaska, salmon runs in Katmai National Park and Preserve draw many brown bears into close proximity. Several fishing techniques have been documented and have been termed: the dash-and-grab, the sit-and-wait, the stand-and-wait, diving, snorkeling, and the technique seen here called pirating. Bears that pirate a catch have learned to steal fish directly from other bears. If a pirating bear is larger, the smaller bear will most often abandon its catch. Therefore, it is not unusual for smaller bears to move away with their catch to eat it, where they can avoid the hungry advances of another bear. If the bears are well-matched, a conflict may erupt. Dominance is asserted by directly facing the adversary, accompanied by neck stretching, muzzle twisting and ears rotated toward the rear. Mouths are open showing off their canines, and the upper and lower lips hang loosely. Vocalizations can include a deep rumbling growl, evidenced here by the salmon eggs extruded from the mouth of the bear on the right. During confrontations, bears may use their paws to strike their opponents in the chest or shoulders, but in this case, the bear on the left used a stealthy move of his paw to reach in and steal the prize. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1078/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4615_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1077/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4536-Pano_PSE-Crop-1-2.jpg Brown bears gather along the rivers in Alaska during the annual Sockeye salmon runs. https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1076/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4509_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1075/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4459_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1074/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4372_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1073/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4358_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1072/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4320_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1071/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4304_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1070/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4278_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1069/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4277_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1068/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4245_PSE.jpg Brown Bear Wandering the Banks Millions of sockeye salmon return from the Pacific Ocean to the Bristol Bay watershed in Alaska every summer. Brown bears begin to congregate as soon as the salmon arrive. As the salmon head upstream to spawn, bears follow along eating as many as they can. This brown bear wanders the braided streams of Katmai National Park in Alaska. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1067/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4240_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1066/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4058_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1065/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4038_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1063/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-4023_PSE.jpg Summer Congregation Each year, sockeye salmon runs inundate the backcountry rivers of Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve. They navigate from the open ocean into the rivers, lakes, and streams, back to the headwaters in which they were hatched. There they spawn and lay the eggs that will give rise to the next generation. Tens of millions of Sockeye salmon enter the park's waters each year.As the salmon concentrate, so do the bears. It is estimated that 2,200 brown bears inhabit the park, one of the highest densities in the world. Many of these normally solitary bears head toward the waterways, moving upstream with the salmon, gorging themselves along the way.But the bears must be wary and follow the rules of congregating. The larger bears generally get the best fishing spots. Bears size each other up and tussles break out. Moms must protect their cubs, while teaching them to fish. Most avoid direct interactions with others, but sometimes lessons are learned the hard way. Alaska, USa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1062/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3997_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Brown Bear Confrontation Bears are normally solitary animals, yet they will tolerate others when there is an abundant food source around. But there are limitations. This disagreement began as one bear approached the other's choice fishing spot in a backcountry stream filled with salmon. Not willing to back off, it rose to the challenge and an altercation began. Bear confrontations involve displays of physical strength, roaring, and posturing to establish dominance and deter the other. Rarely do they escalate into all out fights.Dominance is asserted by directly facing the other, showing off the canines, curling the lips, muzzle twisting and neck stretching. Brown bears have thick fur, tough skin, strong, muscular bodies, and are able to withstand and deliver powerful blows. A bear will use their paws to strike their opponents in the chest or shoulders, and bite the head or neck. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1061/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3979_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1060/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3955_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1059/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3954_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1058/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3933_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1057/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3918_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1056/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3915_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1055/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3901_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1054/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3899_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1053/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3826_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1052/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3810_PSE.jpg Chillin' Summertime in Alaska is a time of abundance. Streams are filled with salmon and food is plentiful. After gorging, many bears take a siesta. But temperatures can rise during the long days. This brown bear cub leans up against the remnants of the winter snows, a form of Alaskan air conditioning. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1051/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3708_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1050/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3704_PSE.jpg Brown Bear Portrait In the summer, brown bears gather in the streams of the backcountry of Alaska to take advantage of the sockeye runs through Katmai National Park and Preserve. These runs are vital to the survival of the bears which must gain enough weight to make it through their long winter hibernation.Some bears are adept at fishing and spend their time chasing down salmon. Other swim on the surface of the water with their faces submerged engaged in what is called "snorkeling". This is seen particularly when the density of salmon in the stream decreases. Snorkelers gather dead and dying fish that lie below the surface. This one came up "empty-handed" but posed nicely for a portrait. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1049/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3690_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1048/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3668_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1047/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3606_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1046/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3595_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1045/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3568_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1044/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3556.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1043/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3550_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1042/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3506.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1041/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3506-Pano_PSE_PSE-Crop-3-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1040/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3479_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1039/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3475.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1038/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3411_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1037/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3287_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1036/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3286_PSE_PSE.jpg Brown Bear Confrontation Bears are normally solitary animals, yet they will tolerate others when there is an abundant food source around. But there are limitations. This disagreement began as one bear approached the other's choice fishing spot in a backcountry stream filled with salmon. Not willing to back off, it rose to the challenge and an altercation began, in Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve.Bear confrontations involve displays of physical strength, roaring, and posturing to establish dominance and deter the other. Rarely do they escalate into all out fights.Dominance is asserted by directly facing the other, showing off the canines, curling the lips, muzzle twisting and neck stretching. Brown bears have thick fur, tough skin, strong, muscular bodies, and are able to withstand and deliver powerful blows. A bear will use their paws to strike their opponents in the chest or shoulders, and bite the head or neck. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1035/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3266_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1034/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3244_PSE_PSE.jpg Mom and her Cubs An Alaskan brown bear and her cubs pause in a river in Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska. A large bear had just passed through and the mom was exercising caution. Brown bears boars are known to attack and kill cubs, although the reasons for this behavior are varied. It's always best to give a wide berth. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1033/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3220.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1032/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3220_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1031/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3151_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1030/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3108_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1029/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3102.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1028/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3097_PSE_PSE.jpg Brown Bear Fishing Millions of sockeye salmon return from the Pacific Ocean to the Bristol Bay watershed in Alaska every summer. Brown bears begin to congregate as soon as the salmon arrive. As the salmon head upstream to spawn, bears follow along eating as many as they can. When salmon are concentrated, some bears use what has been termed the "dash-and-grab" method catch fish. These bears will station themselves in an area where the fish are plentiful, and at the right time will chase after a fish using their paws to pin them to the river bottom. This technique requires a substantial amount of energy, but can be very productive. But sometimes they miss... Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1027/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-3045_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1026/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2994_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1025/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2980_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1024/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-51_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1023/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-65_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1022/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-97_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1021/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-128_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1020/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-169_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1019/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-182.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1018/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-203_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1017/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-325_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1016/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-351_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1015/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-587_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1014/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-646_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1013/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-720_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1012/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-845_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1011/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1558_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1010/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1549_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1009/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1538_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1008/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1514_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1007/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1340_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1006/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1264_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1005/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1238_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1004/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1197_PSE.jpg Prime Fishing Spot Each year, sockeye salmon runs inundate the backcountry rivers of Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve. They navigate from the open ocean into the rivers, lakes, and streams, back to the headwaters in which they were hatched. There they spawn and lay the eggs that will give rise to the next generation. Tens of millions of Sockeye salmon enter the park's waters each year.As the salmon concentrate, so do the bears. It is estimated that 2,200 brown bears inhabit the park, one of the highest densities in the world. Many of these normally solitary bears head toward the waterways, moving upstream with the salmon, gorging themselves along the way.But the bears must be wary and follow the rules of congregating. The larger bears generally get the best fishing spots, which is where the bear with the fish sat. As the salmon swim upstream they must jump the falls, some right in the hands of a waiting bear. Natural channels funnel the fish to the best spots, and the experienced bears know this. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1003/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1189_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1002/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1147_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1001/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1060_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/1000/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-918_PSE.jpg Brown Bear Mother and Cub Each year, sockeye salmon runs inundate the backcountry rivers of Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve. As the salmon concentrate, so do the bears. It is estimated that 2,200 brown bears inhabit the park, one of the highest densities in the world. But the bears must be wary and follow the rules of congregating. The larger bears generally go wherever they want, unchallenged. Sometimes bears will size each other up and tussles break out. Moms must protect their cubs, while teaching them to fish. Most mothers avoid direct interactions with other bears, but sometimes lessons are learned the hard way. Cubs are sometimes killed by larger bears. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/999/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-905_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/998/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-869_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/997/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1679_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/996/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1747.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/995/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1767_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/994/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1783_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/993/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1787_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/992/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1956_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/991/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-1959_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/990/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2158_PSE.jpg Focused and in Action Bears can run up to 35 mph. Moving that much mass that quickly requires large amounts of energy. Brown bears have been known to eat up to 40 salmon per day. Rich in fat and protein, each 5 lb sockeye can contain up to 3800 calories. Though they may expend a great deal of energy repetitively chasing down salmon, they are generally able to gain 200-300 pounds in the summer.Watching them hunt using the dynamic "dash-and-grab" method is nothing short of amazing. The incredible fitness, power, and athleticism is astounding to witness at close range. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/989/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2195_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/988/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2275_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/987/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2312_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/986/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2358_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/985/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2372_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/984/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2373_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/983/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2669_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/982/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2635_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/981/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2621_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/980/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2588_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/979/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2563_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/978/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2554_PSE_PSE.jpg Brown Bears Searching Each year, sockeye salmon runs inundate the backcountry rivers of Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve. They navigate from the open ocean into the rivers, lakes, and streams, back to the headwaters in which they were hatched. There they spawn and lay the eggs that will give rise to the next generation. Tens of millions of Sockeye salmon enter the park's waters each year.As the salmon concentrate, so do the bears. It is estimated that 2,200 brown bears inhabit the park, one of the highest densities in the world. Many of these normally solitary bears head toward the waterways, moving upstream with the salmon, gorging themselves along the way. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/977/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2473_PSE-eyes-cleaned_PSE.jpg Chasing Salmon Each summer in Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska, sockeye salmon (also known as reds) return from the Pacific Ocean where they have spent the last two or three years. They travel up into the freshwater rivers and streams, attempting to return to the headwaters of their birth. The collective goal is to fertilize and deposit the eggs that will produce the next generation of Sockeye.Once entering the freshwater, they stop feeding and undergo a physical transformation, changing both shape and color. The head turns green and the body bright red, as the orange-red pigments from the fish's flesh concentrate in the skin. Sockeye males undergo the most radical changes, developing humps on their backs and forming a kype - a curved mouth with large teeth. Spawning is the last act of their life cycle.The journey is arduous, as the salmon must overcome many obstacles. They must adapt to the freshwater environment, navigate through natural impediments such as waterfalls, and avoid predators such as the many brown bears that congregate along their way. As a brown bear closes in on it, this sockeye rises out of, and then skips along the surface of the water attempting to escape. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/976/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2441.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/975/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2438_PSE_PSE.jpg Chasing Sockeye Each summer, millions of salmon make their way from the ocean back up into the rivers and lakes of Katmai National Park and Preserve. They are intent on spawning in the streams from which they were hatched. This draws a multitude of brown bears intent on capitalizing on this wealth of protein and fat. They employ a variety of techniques to help them take advantage of this bounty.When salmon are concentrated, some bears use what has been termed the "dash-and-grab" method catch fish. These bears will station themselves in an area where the fish are plentiful, and at the right time will chase after a fish using their paws to pin them to the river bottom. This technique requires a substantial amount of energy, but can be very productive. Once caught, the choicest parts of the fish are eaten, before repeating the process. Bears can eat up to 40 salmon per day. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/974/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2406_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/973/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2399_PSE.jpg Careful Mother Millions of sockeye salmon return from the Pacific Ocean to the Bristol Bay watershed in Alaska every summer. Brown bears begin to congregate as soon as the salmon arrive. As the salmon head upstream to spawn, bears follow along, eating as many as they can. But the bears must be wary and follow the rules of congregating. The larger bears generally get the best fishing spots. Bears size each other up and tussles frequently break out. Moms must protect their cubs, while teaching them to fish. Most avoid direct interactions with others, but sometimes lessons are learned the hard way. Here, a mother wisely avoids a confrontation with a larger bear. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/972/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2397_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/971/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2386_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/970/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2383_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/969/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2671_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/968/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2675_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/967/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2678_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/966/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2680_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/965/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2684_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/964/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2715_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/963/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2759_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/962/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2870_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/961/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2896_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/960/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2904.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/959/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2905_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/958/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2925_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/956/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2969_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/955/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-18_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/954/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4070.jpg Elk and Calf in Flower Meadow Wyoming, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/953/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2410-HDR.jpg Waccamaw River Sunset The mirror-like reflection in the water adds to this image of an old rice-field. Once used for cultivating rice, these tidal areas have reverted back to nature, although not yet with the giant old-growth cypress trees that once dominated the landscape. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/952/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2404-HDR.jpg Waccamaw River Sunset The mirror-like reflection in the water adds to this image of an old rice-field. Once used for cultivating rice, these tidal areas have reverted back to nature, although not yet with the giant old-growth cypress trees that once dominated the landscape. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/951/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2395-HDR.jpg Waccamaw River Sunset The mirror-like reflection in the water adds to this image of an old rice-field. Once used for cultivating rice, these tidal areas have reverted back to nature, although not yet with the giant old-growth cypress trees that once dominated the landscape. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/950/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2392-HDR.jpg Waccamaw River Sunset The mirror-like reflection in the water adds to this image of an old rice-field. Once used for cultivating rice, these tidal areas have reverted back to nature, although not yet with the giant old-growth cypress trees that once dominated the landscape. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/949/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2389-HDR.jpg Waccamaw River Sunset The mirror-like reflection in the water adds to this image of an old rice-field. Once used for cultivating rice, these tidal areas have reverted back to nature, although not yet with the giant old-growth cypress trees that once dominated the landscape. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/948/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2380-HDR_PSE.jpg Waccamaw River Sunset The mirror-like reflection in the water adds to this image of an old rice-field. Once used for cultivating rice, these tidal areas have reverted back to nature, although not yet with the giant old-growth cypress trees that once dominated the landscape. south Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/947/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2368-HDR.jpg Waccamaw River Sunset The mirror-like reflection in the water adds to this image of an old rice-field. Once used for cultivating rice, these tidal areas have reverted back to nature, although not yet with the giant old-growth cypress trees that once dominated the landscape. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/946/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2362-HDR_PSE.jpg Waccamaw River Sunset The mirror-like reflection in the water of this old rice-field makes it appear as if there are two suns. Once used for cultivating rice, these tidal areas have reverted back to nature, although not yet with the giant old-growth cypress trees that once dominated the landscape. south Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/945/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2355-HDR-Pano_PSE-crop-2-1.jpg "Two Suns" Waccamaw Sunset The mirror-like reflection in the water of this old rice-field makes it appear as if there are two suns. Once used for cultivating rice, these tidal areas have reverted back to nature, although not yet with the giant old-growth cypress trees that once dominated the landscape. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/944/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Z91_2334-HDR-Pano_PSE-3-2.jpg Waccamaw River Sunset The mirror-like reflection in the water of this old rice-field makes it appear as if there are two suns. Once used for cultivating rice, these tidal areas have reverted back to nature, although not yet with the giant old-growth cypress trees that once dominated the landscape. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/943/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0712-2_PSE-2.jpg Old Warrior Displaying the scars of battle on its well-worn and damaged horns, this Cape buffalo has clearly been through it. With part of its ear missing and a cataract developing in its left eye, life has surely taken its toll on this great beast. Even the insects have taken advantage of this survivor, burrowing into the skin of its irritated ears. Tanzania, africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/942/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0712-2_PSE.jpg Old Warrior Displaying the scars of battle on its well-worn and damaged horns, this Cape buffalo has clearly been through it. With part of its ear missing and a cataract developing in its left eye, life has surely taken its toll on this great beast. Even the insects have taken advantage of this survivor, burrowing into the skin of its irritated ears. Life in Africa is rough. Tanzania, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/941/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Young-Moose-2_PSE_PSE.jpg Young Moose A young moose stands alone along the edge of a forest. Moose cows may produce their first calf when they are two, and most produce a calf by age three. Cows give birth to one to two calves but rarely have more than two calves. A cow's nutritional condition, or body weight, determines the number of calves born and when a cow first breeds. Moose may continue to breed into their teens. Calves remain with their mother for one year and are driven off shortly before the next calf is born. Bulls are able to breed as yearlings, but most do not breed until they are older when they can compete with other larger bulls. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/940/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sea-Otter-with-Pup-31_PSE.jpg Female Otter with Pup A female river otter has four nipples on her lower abdomen which provide rich milk with 24% fat. Pups nurse every three to four hours for 10 to 15 minutes at a time. Sea otters nurse for six to eight months.A female sea otter carries her pup on her belly and spends a great deal of time grooming it for the first three months. When she dives for food, the mother often wraps her pup in strands of kelp to keep it from drifting. If she senses danger, she grabs the pup by the loose skin of the neck with her teeth and dives until they reach safety. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/939/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sea-Otter-mother-with-Pup-22_PSE.jpg Protective Sea otter mother and curious pup looking https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/938/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sea-Otter-mother-swimmimng-with-Pup-28_PSE.jpg Mother sea otter and pup swimmimng https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/937/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sea-Otter-mother-biting-pup-7_PSE.jpg Come ALong Sea otters sows are very protective of their pups. When she dives for food, the mother often wraps her pup in strands of kelp to keep it from drifting. If she senses danger, she grabs the pup by the loose skin of the neck with her teeth and dives until they reach safety. This curious pup kept trying to swim over and explore the stranger visiting in his kayak. Although never in danger, this mom was doing all she could to hold him back and pull him safely away from me. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/936/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Harbor-Seals-on-rocky-haul-out-1_PSE.jpg Harbor Seal Haul-out A bob of harbor seals rests in comfort and safety atop a rocky haul-out. There they are safe, but in the water there are a host of predators they must watch out for. These include killer whales, their most common predator, as well as sharks and sea lions. Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/935/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Harbor-Seal-Laying-on-ice-looking-at-camera-6.jpg Harbor Seal on Ice A Harbor Seal takes advantage of the ice from calving tidewater glacier to haul out and rest. There it is safe, but in the water there are a host of predators it must watch out for. These include the killer whale, its most common predator, as well as sharks and sea lions. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/934/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Harbor-Seal-in-Water-holding-head-up-6_PSE.jpg A Harbor Seal takes a breath A harbor seal surfaces to breathe while foraging among the ice from a tidewater glacier. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/933/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/269_006_PSE_PSE-24x36.jpg Bull Moose in a Pond A bull moose, fresh out of velvet stands while feeding in a pond. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/932/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Redddish-Egret-pair-nest-building.jpg Reddish egret with branch in mouth for nest building https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/931/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Mew-gull-on-nest-with-American-Wigeon-Female_PSE.jpg Mew gull on nest talking to American Wigeon Female https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/930/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Horned-Grebe-with-chick-on-back-Frontal-view-vertical_PSE.jpg Horned Grebe with chick on back Frontal view vertical https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/929/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Horned-Grebe-with-chick-on-back-Frontal-view-7_PSE.jpg Horned Grebe with chick on back Frontal view https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/928/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Horned-Grebe-33_PSE.jpg Horned Grebe https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/927/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Great-Egret-Displaying_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Great Egret Displaying A Great Egret, in splendid mating plumage, displays during mating season to attract a mate. https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/926/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD5633-2_PSET.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/925/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD3762-2-Pano_PSE-4-1_PSE.jpg Olduvai Gorge Olduvai Gorge, also known as Oldupai Gorge, is a paleoanthropological site in the eastern Serengeti Plain in northern Tanzania. It is a steep-sided ravine in the Great Rift Valley that stretches across East Africa for about 48 kms. Deposits exposed in the sides of the gorge cover a time span from about 2.1 million to 15,000 years ago. These deposits have yielded the fossil remains of more than 60 hominins (members of the human lineage), providing the most continuous known record of human evolution during the past 2 million years. It is also an important archaeological record of the development of stone tools. Olduvai Gorge was designated part of a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1979. There are seven major formations that have been distinguished. From the oldest to the youngest they are: Bed I (about 1.7 million to 2.1 million years old), Bed II (1.15 million to 1.7 million years old), Bed III (800,000 to 1.15 million years old), Bed IV (600,000 to 800,000 years old), the Masek Beds (400,000 to 600,000 years old), the Ndutu Beds (32,000 to 400,000 years old), and the Naisiusiu Beds (15,000 to 22,000 years old). Louis and Mary Leakey are responsible for most of the excavations and discoveries of the hominin fossils in Olduvai Gorge. Tanzania, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/924/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Angel-Oak-Pan-3-all-out-166-1-PSE.jpg Angel Oak Panorama On Johns Island outside of Charleston, SC, there lives an impressive live oak that is estimated to be 300-500 years old. This protected tree is reputed to be the largest live oak east of the Mississippi. It was destined to be cut down but efforts to preserve the tree and surrounding land were successful. As a reference for scale and to truly appreciate the size of the tree, please check in the "Man in Nature" gallery on this website where a visitor stands next to the tree. johns Island, South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/923/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Angel-Oak-Pan-3-all-out-2-1-PSE-4.jpg Angel Oak Panorama On Johns Island outside of Charleston, SC, there lives an impressive live oak that is estimated to be 300-500 years old. This protected tree is reputed to be the largest live oak east of the Mississippi. It was destined to be cut down but efforts to preserve the tree and surrounding land were successful. As a reference for scale and to truly appreciate the size of the tree, please check in the "Man in Nature" gallery on this website where a visitor stands next to the tree. johns Island, South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/922/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Angel-Oak-Pan-3-all-out-2-1-Crop-2-PSE.jpg Angel Oak Panorama On Johns Island outside of Charleston, SC, there lives an impressive live oak that is estimated to be 300-500 years old. This protected tree is reputed to be the largest live oak east of the Mississippi. It was destined to be cut down but efforts to preserve the tree and surrounding land were successful. As a reference for scale and to truly appreciate the size of the tree, please check in the "Man in Nature" gallery on this website where a visitor stands next to the tree. johns Island, South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/921/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Angel-Oak-Pan-3-all-out-166-1-PSE.jpg Angel Oak On Johns Island outside of Charleston, SC, there lives an impressive live oak that is estimated to be 300-500 years old. This protected tree is reputed to be the largest live oak east of the Mississippi. It was destined to be cut down but efforts to preserve the tree and surrounding land were successful. As a reference for scale and to truly appreciate the size of the tree, please check in the "Man in Nature" gallery on this website where a visitor stands next to the tree. Johns Island, South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/920/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Angel-Oak-Pan-3-all-out-3-2-PSE.jpg Angel Oak On Johns Island outside of Charleston, SC, there lives an impressive live oak that is estimated to be 300-500 years old. This protected tree is reputed to be the largest live oak east of the Mississippi. It was destined to be cut down but efforts to preserve the tree and surrounding land were successful. As a reference for scale and to truly appreciate the size of the tree, please check in the "Man in Nature" gallery on this website where a visitor stands next to the tree. Johns Island, South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/919/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Angel-Oak-Pan-3-all-out-2-1-PSE-3.jpg Angel Oak Black and White Angel Oak Johns Island Johns Island, South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/918/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Angel-Oak-Pan-3-all-out-except-sign-and-girl-2-1-PSE.jpg Angel Oak Johns Island https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/917/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6369_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/916/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6370_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/915/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maroon-Bells-and-Maroon-Lake-69-of-99_PSE-2_PSE_PSE-3.jpg The Maroon Bells in the Fall The Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness near Aspen is an iconic, stunningly beautiful area. The peaks of the Maroon Bells rise to 14,163 ft and sit in a glacially-carved valley. Wonderful at any time of the year, to me the best viewing conditions are in the fall when the golden leaves of the aspen trees and the snow-capped mountains are reflected in a calm Maroon Lake. But you won't be alone, it is a wildly popular area...For good reason. Aspen, Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/914/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/A61111-ME_PSE-3-2_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg The Maroon Bells in the Fall The Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness near Aspen is an iconic, stunningly beautiful area. The peaks of the Maroon Bells rise to 14,163 ft and sit in a glacially-carved valley. Wonderful at any time of the year, to me the best viewing conditions are in the fall when the golden leaves of the aspen trees and the snow-capped mountains are reflected in a calm Maroon Lake. But you won't be alone, it is a wildly popular area...For good reason. Aspen, Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/913/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6187-Pano_PSE_PSE-2-3-40x60-_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells in Fall Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/912/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6227-Pano_PSE-2.66-1-36x96-244_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells Panorama The Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness near Aspen is an iconic, stunningly beautiful area. The peaks of the Maroon Bells rise to 14,163 ft and sit in a glacially-carved valley. The best conditions are in the fall when the leaves of the aspen trees turn golden and the mountains are snow-capped. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/911/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6187-Pano_PSE_PSE-166-1_PSE.jpg The Maroon Bells in Autumn The Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness near Aspen is an iconic, stunningly beautiful area. The peaks of the Maroon Bells rise to 14,163 ft and sit in a glacially-carved valley. Wonderful at any time of the year, to me the best viewing conditions are in the fall when the golden leaves of the aspen trees and the snow-capped mountains are reflected in a calm Maroon Lake. But you won't be alone, it is a wildly popular area...For good reason. Aspen, Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/910/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/A61111-ME_PSE-3-2_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells in Fall Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/909/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6187-Pano_PSE_PSE-2-3-40x60-_PSE-3.jpg The Maroon Bells in Fall The Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness near Aspen is an iconic, stunningly beautiful area. The peaks of the Maroon Bells rise to 14,163 ft and sit in a glacially-carved valley. Wonderful at any time of the year, to me the best viewing conditions are in the fall when the golden leaves of the aspen trees and the snow-capped mountains are reflected in a calm Maroon Lake. But you won't be alone, it is a wildly popular area...For good reason. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/908/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6227-Pano_PSE-2.66-1-36x96-244_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells in Fall The Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness near Aspen is an iconic, stunningly beautiful area. The peaks of the Maroon Bells rise to 14,163 ft and sit in a glacially-carved valley. Wonderful at any time of the year, to me the best viewing conditions are in the fall when the mountains are snowcapped and the leaves of the aspen trees have turned golden. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/907/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6187-Pano_PSE_PSE-166-1_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells in Fall colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/906/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6342-Pano_PSE_PSE-166-1.jpg The Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness near Aspen is an iconic, stunningly beautiful area. The peaks of the Maroon Bells rise to 14,163 ft and sit in a glacially-carved valley. Wonderful at any time of the year, to me the best viewing conditions are in the fall when the golden leaves of the aspen trees and the snow-capped mountains are reflected in a calm Maroon Lake. But you won't be alone, it is a wildly popular area...For good reason. colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/905/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maroon-Bells-and-Maroon-Lake-69-of-99_PSE-2_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells Reflected in Maroon Lake in Fall Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/904/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maroon-Bells-and-Maroon-Lake-52-of-99_PSE_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells Reflected in Maroon Lake in Fall Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/903/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maroon-Bells-and-Maroon-Lake-38-of-99-ME_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells Reflected in Maroon Lake in Fall Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/902/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maroon-Bells-and-Maroon-Lake-8-of-99_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells Reflected in Maroon Lake in Fall Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/901/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maroon-Bells-and-Maroon-Lake-3-of-99_PSE_PSE.jpg Maroroon Bells in Fall without Snow Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/900/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maroon-Bells-25-of-28_PSE-3.jpg Maroon Bells in Fall The Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness near Aspen is an iconic, stunningly beautiful area. The peaks of the Maroon Bells rise to 14,163 ft and sit in a glacially-carved valley. Wonderful at any time of the year, to me the best viewing conditions are in the fall when the mountains are snowcapped and the leaves of the aspen trees have turned golden. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/899/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maroon-Bells-11-of-28.jpg Maroon Bells in Fall Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/898/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maroon-Bells-9-of-28_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells in Fall Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/897/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maroon-Bells-7-of-28_PSE_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells in Fall Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/896/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED2285_PSE.jpg Castle Creek Castle Creek rushes through the forest in Colorado at the start of the fall season. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/895/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3144_PSE_PSE.jpg Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/894/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED2565_PSE.jpg Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/893/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7008_PSE_PSE.jpg Telluride in Autumn During the fall, the leaves of the aspen trees in the rugged San Juan Mountains of Colorado light up the mountains with hues of gold and yellow. This view can be seen just outside of Telluride, Colorado. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/892/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6981_PSE.jpg Telluride Autumn Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/891/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6837_PSE.jpg Wilson Mesa Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/890/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6815_PSE-2.jpg Colorado Fall Color at Sunset The setting sun lights the granite peak of a snow-capped mountain during the fall in Colorado. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/889/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6926-Pano_PSE_PSE-4-1_PSE.jpg Wilson Mesa Ranch Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/888/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6914-ME_PSE-3-1.jpg Wilson Mesa Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/887/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6876-ME_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg Wilson Mesa Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/886/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3127_PSE.jpg Cimmaron Ridge colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/885/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7368_PSE_PSE.jpg Cimmaron Ridge Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/884/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7355_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/883/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6506_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/882/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6946_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/881/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6506_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/880/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED2407_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/879/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED2385.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/878/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED2380.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/877/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6373-ME_PSE_PSE-25-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/876/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6708-Pano_PSE-4-1_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/875/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6708-Pano_PSE-4-1_PSE_PSE.jpg Kebler Pass Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/874/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6708-Pano_PSE-3-1_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/873/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6708-Pano_PSE-3-1_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Kepler Pass Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/872/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6714_PSE.jpg Kebler Pass Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/871/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6572_PSE.jpg Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/870/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6574_PSE-2.jpg Kebler Pass Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/869/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6572_PSE.jpg Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/868/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6714_PSE.jpg Kebler Pass Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/867/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6574_PSE-2.jpg Kepler Pass Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/866/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6572_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/865/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6763-Pano_PSE-3-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/864/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7325-ME_PSE_PSE-Crop-3-1.jpg Last Dollar Sunset The sun slowly sets, lighting up the clouds and the mountains in Southwestern Colorado, the aspens turning as Autumn progresses. An Elk in the meadow is dwarfed by the scene, barely visible until this image is enlarged. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/863/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7325-ME_PSE_PSE-266-1.jpg Last Dollar Sunset The sun slowly sets, lighting up the clouds and the mountains in Southwestern Colorado, the aspens turning as Autumn progresses. An Elk in the meadow is dwarfed by the scene, barely visible until this image is enlarged. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/862/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7325-ME_PSE_PSE-25-1.jpg Last Dollar Sunset As the sun slowly sets, the clouds and the mountains light up with color along Last Dollar Road in Southwestern Colorado. The aspens are turning as Autumn progresses. There is an Elk in the meadow, dwarfed by the scene, visible only in the enlarged print. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/861/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7325-ME_PSE_PSE-4-1.jpg Last Dollar Sunset The sun slowly sets, lighting up the clouds and the mountains in southwestern Colorado, the aspens turning as Autumn progresses. An Elk in the meadow is dwarfed by the scene, barely visible until this image is enlarged. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/860/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7325-ME_PSE_PSE-3-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/859/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7325-ME_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg Last Dollar Sunset The sun slowly sets, lighting up the clouds and the mountains in Southwestern Colorado, the aspens turning as Autumn progresses. An Elk in the meadow is dwarfed by the scene, barely visible until this image is enlarged. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/858/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6708-Pano_PSE-4-1_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/857/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6708-Pano_PSE-3-1_PSE_PSE.jpg Kebler Pass https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/856/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3472-ME_PSE.jpg Two horses in the fall Two horses pose in the mountain corral amongst the golden foliage of Autumn. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/855/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3454_PSE_PSE.jpg Bay in pasture A bay stands in a pasture amongst the fall foliage in Colorado. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/854/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3447-ME_PSE.jpg Friends Horses show affection for one another through verbal and non-verbal means. They may nicker to show happiness when greeting other horses, or whinny to call their friends. They can be seen scratching or mutually grooming one another, and will graze and spend time together, often resting their heads over the necks of their pasture mates. Horses that are familiar with each other may also greet by rubbing noses and blowing air into each other's nostrils. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/853/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3446-ME_PSE-2.jpg Appaloosa An appaloosa stands in a pasture among the golden aspens in the fall in Colorado. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/852/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3225_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/851/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED2515-Pano_PSE_PSE-3-1_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/850/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5950-ME_PSE_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/849/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5908-Pano_PSE-3-1_PSE-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/848/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3531-ME_PSE-4-1_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/847/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3531-ME_PSE-3-1_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/846/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5875-2.jpg Mountains and Trees in Autumn - Left Snow-covered mountains form the backdrop in a Rocky Mountain valley in Autumn. The hills are lined with a mixture of conifers and aspen trees signifying that fall has arrived. Can be hung as a triptych, with this one on the left and the next two being center and right respectively. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/845/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5881_PSE-2.jpg Mountains and Trees in Autumn - Right Snow-covered mountains form the backdrop in a Rocky Mountain valley in Autumn. The hills are lined with a mixture of conifers and aspen trees signifying that fall has arrived. Can be hung as a triptych, with this one on the right, the previous two in the center and on the left. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/844/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5976_PSE.jpg Mountains and Trees in Autumn Snow-covered mountains form the backdrop in a Rocky Mountain valley in Autumn. The hills are lined with a mixture of conifers and aspen trees signifying that fall has arrived. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/843/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7361_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/842/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7363_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/841/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7365_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/840/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6370_PSE.jpg Beaver Lodge and Aspens in Autumn A beaver lodge and golden aspens are reflected in a still lake during the fall in Colorado. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/839/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6369_PSE.jpg Beaver Lodge in Autumn Aspen trees in their fall regalia are reflected in a still lake containing a beaver lodge as winter sets in. Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/838/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5421-ME-Viveza_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/837/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5421-ME-Viveza_PSE_PSE-3.jpg Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/836/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5409_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/835/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5370_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/834/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3646-Pano_PSE_PSE-20-80.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/833/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3638-Pano_PSE-2_PSE-20-60.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/832/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3577-Pano_PSE_PSE-3-1-30x90.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/831/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED3149-Pano_PSE_PSE-3-1.jpg 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https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7385_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/796/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7383_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/795/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7373_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/794/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7371_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/793/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7148_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/792/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7147_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/791/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A7037_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/790/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5859_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/789/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5855_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/788/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5847_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/787/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5834_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/786/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled_221011_81-Pano_PSE-3-1_PSE.jpg Vast and Dry Palmwag, Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/785/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled_221011_318_PSE.jpg Desert Patterns Palmwag, Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/784/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED2299_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/783/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5811_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/782/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5771_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/781/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5732-Pano_PSE-2-1_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/780/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5731.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/779/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5729.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/778/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5727_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/777/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5710_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/776/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5690_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/775/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5658_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/774/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5654_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/773/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5641-ME_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/772/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5641.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/771/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A5641-ME_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/770/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221012_114-HDR-Pano-2_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg Mowani Sunset Mowani is found in Damaraland, a remote area of north-western Namibia, adjacent to the Skeleton Coast. It is home to the Damara people, but also to the rare and endangered desert-adapted wildlife. Black rhino, elephant, lion, oryx, kudu and springbok all eek out an existence in this near-barren landscape. Damaraland also manifests beautiful scenery. Mountains are littered across the region, replete with massive granite koppies, open plains, grasslands, and deep gorges with their associated riverbeds. This is a massive landscape, untamed and ruggedly beautiful. Here the harsh sun softens as it sets, and the pastel skies slowly fade into darkness. Twyfelfontein Conservancy, Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/769/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A4095_PSE.jpg Tintagel Castle Remains Cornwall, England, United Kingdom https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/768/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_9149_PSE.jpg Ephemeral Deposits A diverse collection of shells lie on a barrier beach in South Carolina. They were left there by the actions of waves. I visited after a storm and found nothing but sand, deposited by the action of waves. Constant change is standard-issue on the coastal beaches. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/767/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221012_114-HDR-Pano-2_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE-166-1.jpg Mowani Sunset Twyfelfontein, Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/766/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221012_599-HDR_PSE.jpg Mowani Sunset Twyfelfontein, Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/765/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221012_639-HDR_PSE.jpg Damaraland Sunset Twyfelfontein, Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/764/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Approaching-Thunderstorm-over-Marsh_PSE-3-1.jpg Panorama of Thunderstorm over marsh https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/763/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_3104.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/762/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221012_114-HDR-Pano-2_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE-3-2.jpg Mowani Sunset Twyfelfontein, Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/761/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221012_80_PSE.jpg Desert Sunset Twyfelfontein, Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/760/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221012_19-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Mowani Sunset Twyfelfontein, Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/759/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221011_866-HDR_PSE.jpg Desert Sunset and Euphorbia Palmwag, Namibia https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/758/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A4366-Enhanced-NR.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/757/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A4218_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/756/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A4078_PSE.jpg Tintagel Castle Cornwall, England, United Kingdom https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/755/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A3862_PSE.jpg Celtic Sea The Celtic Sea runs into England at Cornwall. It is a rugged coastline, with strong winds, heavy rain, and large waves crashing against the cliffs during the colder months. As a result, few trees grow along this rocky coast. But in the summer, temperatures are moderated by the gulf stream and the weather is pleasant. Cornwall, England https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/754/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9962_PSE-crop-25-1_PSE_PSE.jpg Pelicans on a bar On a blustery day towards the tail end of a storm, the two species of pelicans that inhabit the coast of South Carolina take refuge on a sandbar. The Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) is found in much larger numbers along the coast, while the American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchus) is less frequently seen. The American White Pelican is a huge waterbird with a massive wingspan up to 114 inches (290 cm) and weigh up to 317 oz (9000 g). They are largely western state birds, wintering along the Pacific and Gulf coasts, then breeding in lakes throughout the Midwest, West and Canada. South Carolina doesn't even show up on maps of their range, although they have been showing up along the coast for years, and their numbers are increasing. Most of the white pelicans seen in South Carolina are juveniles, later migrating to the upper Midwest and Canada to breed as they mature. Brown pelicans have wingspans up to 90 inches (229 cm), and are smaller, weighing up to 176 oz (5000 g). They have dark gray bodies with a white neck, and a pale yellow head that turns to bright yellow during breeding. These large birds live and breed strictly in saltwater habitats near the ocean's coastline, rarely venturing more than 20 miles from the shore.Beside their size and color, they also differ in their feeding habits. American White Pelicans scoop up fish by dipping their large beaks and pouches into the water, often working as a team herding fish into shallow areas. Brown Pelicans fly high into the sky and then plunge aggressively headfirst into the water. These dives stun the surrounding fish, which are then scooped up with their enormous throat pouch and swallowed whole.This image is stitched together from a group of 8 images taken from a rocking boat with a 500 mm lens to avoid disturbing the resting birds. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/753/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0037_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/752/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0017-Pano_PSE-crop-5-2_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/751/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_11A0180_PSE_PSE.jpg Blurred Surf at Sunrise A longer exposure at sunrise allows for blurring of the waves as they break on the shore. The clouds have filter out the sun, allowing soft pastel colors to penetrate. The colors and calm sea lend a soothing effect. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/750/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_11A0159-Enhanced-NR_PSE.jpg Blurred Reflections Sunrise over the Atlantic with a hint of pastel colors. That, combined with a long exposure that results in a gentle blur of the water, yields an image with just a hint of drama. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/749/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A4218_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Trevose Head Lighthouse Trevose Head Lighthouse is a lighthouse on Trevose Head on the north Cornish coast. The tower is 89 feet (27 m) tall and has a range of 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi). On a clear night, it can be seen from Pendeen Lighthouse, over 35 miles (56 km) away. England, UK https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/748/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_246-2_PSE.jpg Crocodile Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/747/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_379-2_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/746/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_389_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/745/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_406_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/744/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_710-2_PSE-2.jpg Exhale Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/743/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_972_PSE.jpg Yellow Baboon Sitting Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/742/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_1092_PSE.jpg Coming at ya' Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/741/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_1195_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/nile-crocodile-threat-display-2/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_1311_PSE_PSE.jpg Nile Crocodile Threat Display Like all crocodilians, the Nile Crocodiles along the Zambezi River are ectotherms, regulating their body temperature by leaving the water to bask in the sun, or seeking shade or cooler water when necessary. Mouth-gaping is also essential to thermoregulation but should not be confused with the threat display seen here. Quite at home in the water, the crocodile is more vulnerable on land where it has to rely on its short limbs for locomotion and can only cover short distances before tiring. They can seem slow and sluggish but are actually quite fast and agile while hunting and defending. Crocodiles have a powerful bite and can apply 5,000 pounds of pressure per square inch, among the strongest bites of any animal in the world. They have between 60-110 sharp, conical teeth that sink into flesh allowing a strong grip. When a crocodile loses a tooth, there is a small replacement already on standby. They are able to replace each of their teeth up to 50 times over their lifespan, and can go through 4,000 teeth in a lifetime. They also possess a special palatal valve at the back of their throat which can be closed, allowing them to move underwater with an open mouth to grab and hold prey without ingesting water. https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/739/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_1438_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/738/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_1621_PSE.jpg Yellow Baboon in Tree Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/737/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_1803_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/736/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_1906_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/735/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220913_841_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/734/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220913_1631_PSE_PSE.jpg Riverbound Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/733/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220914_218_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/732/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220914_450_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/731/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_47-2_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Stare Down Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/730/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220910_999_PSE_PSE.jpg Zambezi Sunset Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/729/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220910_1817_PSE_PSE.jpg Always Ready Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/728/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220910_628-2.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/727/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220910_599-2.jpg Sinister Smile Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/726/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220910_564-2_PSE.jpg Plowing Through the Water Hippos are highly adapted for life in water, with physical features that allow them to see, breathe, and move around underwater. They have a clear membrane that protects their eyes while underwater, and their ears are high on their heads, so they can hear while submerged. They are able to close their nostrils and hold their breath for up to 30 minutes. Hippos can sleep underwater, using a reflex that allows them to bob up, take a breath, and sink back down without waking up. They are equipped with strong leg muscles that help them push off the bottom of rivers. Their legs have extra amounts of cancellous (lighter) bone, helping them to achieve neutral buoyancy. That, combined with their body fat and the buoyancy of the water, keeps the stress of their body weight from their legs. Hippos move through water at an average speed of about 5 miles per hour (8 kilometers per hour). They are not considered to be swimmers because they are not adapted to paddling. Instead, they gallop along the bottom of shallow rivers and streams. Their slightly webbed toes helps them push off the bottom of rivers. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/725/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220910_673_PSE.jpg Alert Hippo Hippos spend most of their time in shallow water during the day. They come out of the water at night to graze on short grasses, or to look for the fruit of the sausage tree if it's in season. They may travel for miles while foraging. Hippos may come out of the water during the day if it's cool or rainy, but they won't stay out for long because their skin is sensitive to sunlight. To counter this, hippos secrete a substance called "sweat-blood" that protects their skin from burning. It's a red-colored, oily substance that is colorless when first secreted, but turns red and then brown within minutes. It contains hipposudoric acid, the red pigment, and the orange pigment is called norhipposudoric acid. These pigments absorb ultraviolet (UV) rays, scatter light, and repel insects, but also have antiseptic properties. Hippo sunscreen. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/724/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220910_1847_PSE.jpg Thirsty Elephants have the longest gestation period of any mammal, carrying their babies for almost two years. From birth, they rarely leave their mother's side. And elephants are wonderful mothers, carrying their calves over obstacles, protecting them from predators, and bathing them with their trunks. They also teach their calves how to swim, stand and to find food and water. They produce milk that's high in fat and protein, with calves nursing for about 2 years or longer. Elephants live in matriarchal herds, where the oldest female controls the social structure and ensures the survival of the family. The entire herd helps raise the young, including aunts, sisters, and other female elephants. Elephant are fiercely protective of their calves, and the entire family will come together to protect the youngest members. If a calf becomes orphaned, the rest of the herd will adopt it. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/723/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220911_154_PSE.jpg Kudu The greater kudu is one of the largest species of antelope and have a lifespan of 7 to 8 years in the wild. Kudus have stripes and spots on the body, and most have a chevron of white hair between the eyes. Males have long, spiral horns. The greater kudu's horns can be spectacular and can grow as long as 1.8 meters (about 6 feet), making 2-1/2 graceful twists, although this one is not quite that mature. To me, they are one of the most beautiful animals in all of Africa. Male kudus sometimes form small bachelor groups, but are more commonly solitary and widely dispersed. Dominance between males is usually quickly and peacefully determined by a lateral display in which one male stands sideways in front of the other and makes himself look as large as possible. The largest one wins. Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/722/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220911_865_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/721/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220911_1204_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/720/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220912_387_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/615/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-2563_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/556/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/NA_AK_2023-330_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/536/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED7451_PSE-2.jpg Three Lion Cubs hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/535/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AZ_ZA__220924_1000.jpg Down it Goes The sausage tree grows in open woodlands, along riverbanks and streams, and in floodplains in Africa. The trees take advantage of the alluvial soil in areas that flood periodically. Other trees do not do as well in these areas. It produces large and dark red flowers that are pollinated by bats, sunbirds, and insects. They produce a large amount of nectar and are eaten by antelopes, baboons and others.Sausage trees produce long, pendulous fruit with a thick skin that can be up to 3 feet in length and weigh up to 30 pounds. Some wildlife can eat the ripe fruit, but unripe fruit is poisonous to humans. During the dry season, hippos travel long distances in search of the fruit, creating a network of paths between sausage trees. The fruit is fibrous and provides sustenance for the hippos but can be hard to get down. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/534/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AZ_ZA__220924_986_PSE_PSE.jpg In Season The sausage tree grows in open woodlands, along riverbanks and streams, and in floodplains in Africa. The trees take advantage of the alluvial soil in areas that flood periodically. Other trees do not do as well in these areas. It produces large and dark red flowers that are pollinated by bats, sunbirds, and insects. They produce a large amount of nectar and are eaten by antelopes, baboons and others.Sausage trees produce long, pendulous fruit with a thick skin that can be up to 3 feet in length and weigh up to 30 pounds. Some wildlife can eat the ripe fruit, but unripe fruit is poisonous to humans. During the dry season, hippos travel long distances in search of the fruit, creating a network of paths between sausage trees. The fruit is fibrous and provides sustenance for the hippos but can be hard to get down. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/533/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AZ_ZA__220924_491_PSE.jpg Tough to Swallow The sausage tree grows in open woodlands, along riverbanks and streams, and in floodplains in Africa. The trees take advantage of the alluvial soil in areas that flood periodically. Other trees do not do as well in these areas. It produces large and dark red flowers that are pollinated by bats, sunbirds, and insects. They produce a large amount of nectar and are eaten by antelopes, baboons and others. Sausage trees produce long, pendulous fruit with a thick skin that can be up to 3 feet in length and weigh up to 30 pounds. Some wildlife can eat the ripe fruit, but unripe fruit is poisonous to humans. During the dry season, hippos travel long distances in search of the fruit, creating a network of paths between sausage trees. The fruit is fibrous and provides sustenance for the hippos but can be hard to get down. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/532/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED6839_PSE.jpg Mini Me Elephants have the longest gestation period of any mammal, carrying their babies for almost two years. From birth, they rarely leave their mother's side. And elephants are wonderful mothers, carrying their calves over obstacles, protecting them from predators, and bathing them with their trunks. They also teach their calves how to swim, stand and to find food and water. They produce milk that's high in fat and protein, with calves nursing for about 2 years or longer. Elephants live in matriarchal herds, where the oldest female controls the social structure and ensures the survival of the family. The entire herd helps raise the young, including aunts, sisters, and other female elephants. Elephant are fiercely protective of their calves, and the entire family will come together to protect the youngest members. If a calf becomes orphaned, the rest of the herd will adopt it. Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/531/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED6187_PSE_PSE.jpg Elephant Reflection A lone elephant strolls along the plains in Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe as the sun sets. Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/530/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4008-ext-edit_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/529/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AZ_ZA__220925_246-2.jpg Leopard on Log Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/528/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AZ_ZA__220925_809.jpg Leopard Cub South Luangwa National Park, Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/527/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AZ_ZA__220925_20.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/520/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AZ_ZA__220924_1444_PSE-2.jpg Hippo Eating Sausage Fruit The sausage tree grows in open woodlands, along riverbanks and streams, and in floodplains in Africa. The trees take advantage of the alluvial soil in areas that flood periodically. Other trees do not do as well in these areas. It produces large and dark red flowers that are pollinated by bats, sunbirds, and insects. They produce a large amount of nectar and are eaten by antelopes, baboons and others. Sausage trees produce long, pendulous fruit with a thick skin that can be up to 3 feet in length and weigh up to 30 pounds. Some wildlife can eat the ripe fruit, but unripe fruit is poisonous to humans. During the dry season, hippos travel long distances in search of the fruit, creating a network of paths between sausage trees. The fruit is fibrous and provides sustenance for the hippos but can be hard to get down. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/519/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AZ_ZA__220924_1667_PSE.jpg Hippo, Oxpeckers and Sausage Fruit The sausage tree grows in open woodlands, along riverbanks and streams, and in floodplains in Africa. The trees take advantage of the alluvial soil in areas that flood periodically. Other trees do not do as well in these areas. It produces large and dark red flowers that are pollinated by bats, sunbirds, and insects. They produce a large amount of nectar and are eaten by antelopes, baboons and others. Sausage trees produce long, pendulous fruit with a thick skin that can be up to 3 feet in length and weigh up to 30 pounds. Some wildlife can eat the ripe fruit, but unripe fruit is poisonous to humans. During the dry season, hippos travel long distances in search of the fruit, creating a network of paths between sausage trees.The fruit is fibrous and provides sustenance for the hippos but can be hard to get down. Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/518/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AZ_ZA__220924_738_PSE-2_PSE.jpg What's That? Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/517/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220921_307.jpg Warrior Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/516/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_473_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/515/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9386-ext-edit_PSE.jpg The Eye Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/514/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220914_152_PSE.jpg Yawning Leopard South Luangwa National Park, Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/513/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED7454-2-ext-edit_PSE.jpg Wild Dog Stalker South Luangwa National Park, Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/512/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD3906-2-ext-edit_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Lioness in Tree Tanzania, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/510/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/EDSR6175_PSE_PSE-2-3.jpg Journey of Giraffes A group of giraffes traveling together is known as a journey of giraffes. The term is used because giraffes are able to travel long distances, and at a stout pace. In fact, the word "giraffe" may come from the Arabic word zarafa, which means "fast walker". When they are standing still, the term "tower of giraffes" is used, with obvious reference to their height. But they can also be referred to as a "herd of giraffes", although that term is not as colorful. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/509/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/EDSR6175_PSE_PSE-1-1.jpg Journey of Masai Giraffes A group of giraffes traveling together is known as a journey of giraffes. The term is used because giraffes are able to travel long distances, and at a stout pace. In fact, the word "giraffe" may come from the Arabic word zarafa, which means "fast walker". When they are standing still, the term "tower of giraffes" is used, with obvious reference to their height. But they can also be referred to as a "herd of giraffes", although that term is not as colorful. Masai Mara, Kenya https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/508/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/EDSR6175_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg Journey of Masai Giraffes Masai Mara, Kenya https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/507/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2584_PSE.jpg Battle-scarred Lion Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/506/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD5258_PSE.jpg Lion Cubs Playing Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/505/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220919_197-2_PSE_PSE.jpg African Painted Wolf Pups Playing Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/504/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220920_92_PSE.jpg Leopard Cub Looking Up Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/500/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221013_568-Pano_PSE-3-1.jpg Desert-Adapted Elephants Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/498/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221013_551-Pano_PSE-3-1.jpg DesertAdapted Elephants Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/497/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9962_PSE-crop-25-1_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/496/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD4026_PSE_PSE.jpg Lion Cub Playing with Moms Tail Kenya, East Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/495/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD3652_PSE_PSE_PSE-24x36-max.jpg Lion Clubs at Play Kenya, East Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/494/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD3651_PSE_PSE_PSE-24x36-max.jpg Lion Cubs Playing Kenya, East Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/493/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221013_390_PSE.jpg Desert-adapted Giraffe Feeding Desert-adapted giraffes have evolved physical and behavioral adaptations to survive in the harsh conditions of the Namibian desert. Also called Angolan giraffes, these giraffes have physical adaptations that include a lighter color that reflects light and helps camouflage them in the desert. They are able to walk long distances without relying on regular water sources. In fact, they can get all of the water they need through their food, often browsing early in the morning when there is still dew to be found on the leaves. They take advantage of the ephemeral rivers in Western Namibia that provide food, moisture, and vegetation. Their diet changes seasonally to extract maximum nutrition and water. Giraffes are highly adaptable wild animals that have found a way to survive and even thrive in the harsh desert environment. Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/492/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221013_279_PSE.jpg Desert-adapted Giraffes Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/491/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_NA__221013_233_PSE.jpg Desert-adapted Giraffe Namibia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/490/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED8782_PSE.jpg Mating Lions Kenya,, East Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/489/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED8781.jpg Maying Lions Kenya, East Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/488/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED8780.jpg Mating Lions Kenya, East Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/487/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Wet-2.jpg Wet The bottlenose dolphin is one of 79 species of cetaceans. Its common name originates from its blunt snout. Over time, their dorsal fins acquire notches and scratches that are used by scientists to identify individual dolphins. They may grow to 12 ft in length but they commonly measure 8-9 ft They have an average weight of 400-600 lbs. Fish is one of the main items in the dolphin diet but they also eat shrimp, squid, mollusks, and cuttlefish. They can eat 22 pounds of fish a day. Here a bottlenose dolphin cruises a waterway in a heavy downpour. I like the muted, painterly, impressionistic effect the rain gives this image. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/485/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-NC-2023-10--827-HDR-Pano_PSE-2_PSE_PSE_PSE-2-1_.jpg East Fork Overlook Sunrise Autumn sunrise as seen from the East Fork Overlook of the Pigeon River along the Blue Ridge Parkway. North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/343/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9962_PSE-crop-25-1_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/342/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9960-Pano-2_PSE-crop-25-1_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/341/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9815-Pano_PSE-crop-25-1_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/340/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0792_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/339/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0724-Pano_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/338/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0213_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/337/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0206_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/336/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0182_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/335/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0017-Pano_PSE-crop-5-2_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/334/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0037_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/333/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9962_PSE-crop-25-1_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/332/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9960-Pano-2_PSE-crop-25-1_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/331/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0017-Pano_PSE-crop-5-2_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/330/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED0017-Pano_PSE-crop-5-2_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/329/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9960-Pano-2_PSE-crop-25-1_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/328/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Roosevelt-Elk-Bull-on-Hill-3_PSE.jpg During the rut, bull elks will bugle and rub trees, shrubs, and the ground with their antlers to attract cows and intimidate other bulls. They will wallow in mud to coat themselves with urine that acts as a "perfume" to attract cows. A thorough mud covering cools off an over-heated bull, spreads his scent evenly over his body, and makes him look even more imposing. Sometimes, violent battles are initiated to decide which bull is dominant. Before a fight begins, the two bulls display their dominance by bugling and thrashing the ground with their antlers. They might march side by side, then suddenly turn, walk farther, or begin their fight. Usually, it's bulls more equal in size that typically confront each other to gain the right to mate when the cows come into estrus. https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/327/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Roosevelt-Elk-Bull-on-Hill-2_PSE.jpg Roosevelt Elk Bull during the Rut During the rut bull elks bugle and rub trees, shrubs, and the ground with their antlers to attract cows, and intimidate other bulls. They will coat themselves with urine which acts as a "perfume" to attract cows. A thorough mud covering cools off an over-heated bull, spreads his scent evenly over has body, and makes him look even more imposing. Sometimes, violent clashes occur to decide which bull is dominant. Before a battle begins, two bulls will bugle and repeatedly thrash the ground with their antlers. They might march side by side, then suddenly turn, walk farther, or begin their fight. Usually, bulls more equal in size battle to gain the right to mate when the cows come into estrus. California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/326/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Roosevelt-Elk-Bull-Lying-in-Grass-1_PSE.jpg Roosevelt Elk Bull The Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti), also known as the Olympic elk, is the largest of the four subspecies of elk in North America by body mass. Mature bulls weigh from 700 to 1200 lbs, grows to around 6-10 ft (1.8-3 m) in length and stands 2.5-5.6 ft (0.75-1.7 m) tall at the withers. Its geographic range includes temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest including parts of Northern California. California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/325/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Roosevelt-Elk-Bull-looking-back-3_PSE.jpg Bull Elk During the Rut The Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti), also known as the Olympic elk, is the largest of the four subspecies of elk in North America by body mass. Mature bulls weigh from 700 to 1200 lbs, grows to around 6-10 ft (1.8-3 m) in length and stands 2.5-5.6 ft (0.75-1.7 m) tall at the withers. Its geographic range includes temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest including parts of Northern California. When his antlers are fully grown, a bull elk removes the encasing velvet and polishes his antlers by rubbing them on trees, shrubs and the ground. Vigorous rubbing also releases his pent-up energy and leaves behind his scent to let other elk know that he is around. Bulls bugle and rub trees, shrubs, and the ground with their antlers to attract cows and intimidate other bulls. California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/324/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_2614_PSE.jpg Bull Elk Rubbing Tree The Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti), also known as the Olympic elk, is the largest of the four subspecies of elk in North America by body mass. Mature bulls weigh from 700 to 1200 lbs, grows to around 6-10 ft (1.8-3 m) in length and stands 2.5-5.6 ft (0.75-1.7 m) tall at the withers. Its geographic range includes temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest including parts of Northern California. When his antlers are fully grown, a bull elk removes the encasing velvet and polishes his antlers by rubbing them on trees, shrubs and the ground. Vigorous rubbing also releases his pent-up energy and leaves behind his scent to let other elk know that he is around. Bulls bugle and rub trees, shrubs, and the ground with their antlers to attract cows and intimidate other bulls. California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/323/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_2611_PSE_PSE.jpg Bull Elk Rubbing Tree The Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti), also known as the Olympic elk, is the largest of the four subspecies of elk in North America by body mass. Mature bulls weigh from 700 to 1200 lbs, grows to around 6-10 ft (1.8-3 m) in length and stands 2.5-5.6 ft (0.75-1.7 m) tall at the withers. Its geographic range includes temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest, including parts of northern California. When his antlers are fully grown, a bull elk removes the encasing velvet and polishes his antlers by rubbing them on trees, shrubs and the ground. Vigorous rubbing also releases his pent-up energy and leaves behind his scent to let other elk know that he is around. Bulls will bugle and rub trees, shrubs, and the ground with their antlers to attract cows and intimidate other bulls. California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/322/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Bull-Elk-Bugling_PSE.jpg Roosevelt Bull Elk Bugling During the rut bull elks bugle and rub trees, shrubs, and the ground with their antlers to attract cows and to intimidate other bulls. A cow listens to the bugle for clues about the bull's size. Older, larger bulls usually bugle more loudly than their young rivals. Their bugles advertise their presence and fitness to both females and other males. Sometimes, violent battles occur to establish dominance. Prior to an altercation, the two bulls display their dominance by bugling and thrashing the ground with their antlers. They might march side by side, then suddenly turn, walk farther, or begin their fight. Usually, bulls that are more equal in size will battle for control of the harem and the right to mate when the cows come into estrus. California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/321/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A2402_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Cypress Tree and Full Moon In the early morning, a partially-obscured full moon sets in the distance over a blackwater river in South Carolina. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/320/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Cheetah-Throttling-Topi-2_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Cheetah and Topi Cheetah throttling captured topi calf Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/319/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Cheetah-Throttling-Topi-1_PSE.jpg Cheetah and Topi Cheetah throttling captured topi calf Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/318/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Cheetah-Chasing-Topi_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Cheetah Catching Topi Running Cheetah about to capture topi calf Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/317/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Giant-golden-Orb-Weaver-Spider-ME_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Golden Orb Weaver Spider Golden orb weaver spiders of the genus Nephila are noted for the impressive webs they weave. They build large, semi-permanent orb webs, remaining in them day and night. Nephila spiders display large sexual dimorphism, with females being greatly larger than males. Prey items include flies, beetles, locusts, wood moths and cicadas. Sometimes their strong webs manage to trap small birds or bats, and the spider will wrap them and feed upon them. They also create caches of food for storage, wrapped in silk to reduce dehydration, upon which they later feed. Bali, Indonesia https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/316/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Crablike-Spiny-Orb-Weaver-Spider-4_PSE_PSE.jpg Spiny-backed Orb weaver Spider The spiny-backed Orb Weaver Spider (Gasteracantha cancriformis), is also known as the Spiny orb weaver, or the crab-like orbweaver. Its genus Gasteracantha derives from the Greek words gaster ("belly") and acantha ("thorn"), while cancriformis derives from the Latin words cancer ("crab") and forma ("appearance"). It is found throughout North America. Its lifespan is rather short and lasts only until reproduction, which usually takes place in the spring following the winter when they hatched. Females die after producing an egg mass, and males die six days after a complete cycle of sperm induction to the female. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/315/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Black-and-yellow-Argiope-Spider-9_PSE_PSE.jpg Black-and-yellow Argiope spider on web https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/314/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Black-and-yellow-Argiope-Spider-4_PSE_PSE.jpg Black-and-yellow Argiope spider on web https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/313/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Crescent-moon-at-sunset-with-trees-and-clouds-1_PSE_PSE_PSE-1.jpg Crescent Moon, Clouds and Trees A breaking storm reveals the crescent moon in the Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee. Tennessee, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/312/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Iced-Seat-Oats-3-MBSP_PSE.jpg Frozen Beach Grasses Winter storms with freezing precipitation are rare along the coast of South Carolina. However, the plants and grasses can tolerate these brief forays into below-freezing temperatures. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/311/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Iced-Seat-Oats-and-Yucca-2-MBSP_PSE_PSE.jpg Frozen Yucca and Beach Grasses Winter storms with freezing precipitation are rare along the coast of South Carolina. However, the plants and grasses can tolerate these brief forays into below-freezing temperatures. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/310/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Iced-Seat-Oats-and-Yucca-3-MBSP_PSE.jpg Frozen Yucca and Beach Grasses Winter storms with freezing precipitation are rare along the coast of South Carolina. However, the plants and grasses can tolerate these brief forays into below-freezing temperatures. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/309/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Ricefield-Tree-with-Ice-1_PSE_PSE.jpg Frozen Cypress Tree in Old Rice-field Winter storms with freezing precipitation are rare along the coast of South Carolina. However, the trees and grasses can tolerate these brief forays into below-freezing temperatures. Here a cypress tree and the grasses of an old rice-field are seen after a freezing rain. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/308/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Ricefield-Tree-with-Ice-2_PSE_PSE-3.jpg Frozen Cypress Tree Winter storms with freezing precipitation are rare along the coast of South Carolina. However, the trees and grasses can tolerate these brief forays into below-freezing temperatures. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/307/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Ricefield-Trees-with-Ice-3_PSE_PSE.jpg Frozen Cypress Trees Winter storms with freezing precipitation are rare along the coast of South Carolina. However, the trees and grasses can tolerate these brief forays into below-freezing temperatures. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/306/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Ricefield-Trees-with-Ice-5_PSE_PSE.jpg Frozen Cypress Trees Winter storms with freezing precipitation are rare along the coast of South Carolina. However, the native trees and grasses can tolerate these brief forays into below-freezing temperatures. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/305/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Waccamaw-from-Ricefields-3_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Bald Cypress at Sunset The bald cypress is a native tree to the southeastern United States and are found all along the blackwater rivers of South Carolina. These trees are very photogenic due to their beautiful shapes and form, with branches that are often draped with clumps of Spanish moss. Cypress trees are well-adapted to wet conditions along riverbanks and swamps, where soak up floodwaters, prevent erosion and provide for wildlife habitat. They are known for growing "knees", a special kind of root called a pneumatophore, which means "air-bearing." Pneumatophores grow from horizontal roots just below the surface and protrude upward from the ground or water. It is thought that the pneumatophores function to transport air to drowned roots underground. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/304/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Winyah-Bay-Evening-1_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Pastel Dawn Dawn on a still morning overlooking Winyah Bay in South Carolina. Pastel colors are reflected in the blackwater Waccamaw river. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/303/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Winyah-Bay-Foggy-Morning-1_PSE_PSE.jpg Cypress Trees and Fog at Dawn Air can only hold a certain amount of water. When the temperature drops below the dew point (the temperature at which dew is able to form), condensation occurs. During condensation, molecules of water vapor combine to make tiny liquid water droplets that hang in the air creating fog. Fog is essentially a cloud that lies low along the ground or above water.Fog can add a sense of atmosphere to a photograph. It obscures some detail and can simplify a scene. In this image it covers the bay and the Cypress trees appear to "float" out of the fog. Fog often dissipates with daylight as it did shortly after this image was taken. When the sun rises the air warms up. This leads to the air temperature being warmer than the dew point temperature, thus causing the water droplets to evaporate. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/302/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Yucca-with-Ice-2-MBSP_PSE-2.jpg Frozen Yucca Winter storms with freezing precipitation are rare along the coast of South Carolina. However, the grasses, yucca and other vegetation can tolerate these brief forays into below-freezing temperatures. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/301/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Iced-Seat-Oats-2-MBSP_PSE.jpg Frozen Beach Grasses Winter storms with freezing precipitation are rare along the coast of South Carolina. However, the grasses and vegetation can tolerate these brief forays into below-freezing temperatures. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/300/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Hurricane-Waves_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Hurricane Charley Waves 2 Wind and Waves from a weakened Hurricane Charley hit the South Carolina Coast. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/299/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Hurricane-Waves-6_PSE_PSE.jpg Hurricane Charley Clouds and Waves After devastating Florida, a weakened Hurricane Charley brought wind, waves, and a clearing storm to the South Carolina Coast. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/298/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Hurricane-Waves-2_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/297/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Hurricane-Waves-2_PSE.jpg Hurricane Charley Waves 1 After devastating Florida, Wind and Waves from a weakened Hurricane Charley hit the South Carolina Coast. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/296/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Gaillardia-and-Dunes-in-SC_PSE.jpg Gaillardia Gaillardia, also known as Indian Blanket or Firewheel, flowers on the dunes in the Summer in South Carolina. Preservation of these annual plants can help stabilize the erosion of dunes. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/295/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Dawn-over-the-Atlantic-2_PSE.jpg Dawn on the Atlantic Ocean Dawn on the Atlantic Ocean South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/294/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Dawn-over-the-Atlantic-1_PSE.jpg Dawn on the Atlantic Dawn on the Atlantic Ocean South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/293/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Cypress-trees-at-sunset-with-Yellow-Clouds-1_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Cypress Trees at Sunset The bald cypress is a native tree to the southeastern United States and are found all along the blackwater rivers of South Carolina. These trees are very photogenic due to their beautiful shapes and form, with branches that are often draped with clumps of Spanish moss. Cypress trees are well-adapted to wet conditions along riverbanks and swamps, where soak up floodwaters, prevent erosion and provide for wildlife habitat. They are known for growing "knees", a special kind of root called a pneumatophore, which means "air-bearing." Pneumatophores grow from horizontal roots just below the surface and protrude upward from the ground or water. It is thought that the pneumatophores function to transport air to drowned roots underground. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/292/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Cypress-trees-at-sunset-in-blackwater-river-with-reflected-clouds-2_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Cypress Trees at Sunset with Colorful Clouds The bald cypress is a native tree to the southeastern United States and are found all along the blackwater rivers of South Carolina. These trees are very photogenic due to their beautiful shapes and form, with branches that are often draped with clumps of Spanish moss. Cypress trees are well-adapted to wet conditions along riverbanks and swamps, where soak up floodwaters, prevent erosion and provide for wildlife habitat. They are known for growing "knees", a special kind of root called a pneumatophore, which means "air-bearing." Pneumatophores grow from horizontal roots just below the surface and protrude upward from the ground or water. It is thought that the pneumatophores function to transport air to drowned roots underground. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/291/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Cypress-tree-at-sunset-with-Yellow-Clouds-4_PSE_PSE.jpg Bald Cypress Tree at Sunset The bald cypress is a native tree to the southeastern United States and are found all along the blackwater rivers of South Carolina. These trees are very photogenic due to their beautiful shapes and form, with branches that are often draped with clumps of Spanish moss. Cypress trees are well-adapted to wet conditions along riverbanks and swamps, where soak up floodwaters, prevent erosion and provide for wildlife habitat. They are known for growing "knees", a special kind of root called a pneumatophore, which means "air-bearing." Pneumatophores grow from horizontal roots just below the surface and protrude upward from the ground or water. It is thought that the pneumatophores function to transport air to drowned roots underground. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/290/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Boardwalk-late-afternoon-4_PSE.jpg Access One of the many boardwalks leading to the Atlantic Ocean in South Carolina. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/289/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Boardwalk-late-afternoon-1_PSE_PSE-4.jpg Welcome In One of the may boardwalks leading to the Atlantic Ocean in South Carolina. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/288/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/269_012_PSE_PSE.jpg Zebra and Acacia at Sunrise A zebra stands nicely silhouetted at sunrise in the Masai Mara in Kenya. Kenya, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/287/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/SC-Cotton-Near-Cheraw_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Cotton Boll Cotton grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. Its fibers are almost pure cellulose. Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention of the cotton gin that lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use. Successful cultivation of cotton requires a long frost-free period, plenty of sunshine, and a moderate rainfall. It is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/286/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sunrise-over-Salt-Marsh--13_PSE-2.jpg Sunrise at the Salt Marsh Dawn at the salt marsh is a special time when the water is calm, quiet and still. Clouds and spartina, commonly known as cordgrass, add interest to the scene. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/285/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sunrise-over-Salt-Marsh--12_PSE-2.jpg Sunrise at the Salt Marsh Dawn at the salt marsh is a special time when the water is calm, quiet and still. Clouds and spartina, commonly known as cordgrass, add interest to the scene. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/284/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sunrise-over-Salt-Marsh--7_PSE.jpg Sunrise at the Salt Marsh Dawn at the salt marsh is a special time when the water is calm, quiet and still. Clouds and spartina, commonly known as cordgrass, add interest to the scene. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/283/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sunrise-over-Salt-Marsh--6_PSE.jpg Sunrise at the Salt Marsh Dawn at the salt marsh is a special time when the water is calm, quiet and still. Clouds and spartina, commonly known as cordgrass, add interest to the scene. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/282/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sunrise-over-Salt-Marsh--5_PSE.jpg Sunrise at the Salt Marsh Dawn at the salt marsh is a special time when the water is calm, quiet and still. Clouds and spartina, commonly known as cordgrass, add interest to the scene. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/281/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sunrise-over-Salt-Marsh--4-Edit_PSE.jpg Sunrise at the Salt Marsh Dawn at the salt marsh is a special time when the water is calm, quiet and still. Clouds and spartina, commonly known as cordgrass, add interest to the scene. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/yellow-sun-and-sky-at-sunrise-over-rippled-sand/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sunrise-and-Rippled-Sand-ME_PSE-3.jpg Sun and Sand The sun rises along a sandy beach revealing the contours and texture in the sand left by the receding tide. They will be gone within a few hours. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/279/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sea-Oat-Silhouette-at-Sunset-2-ME.jpg Sea Oats Silhouette at Sunrise Sea Oats (Uniola paniculata) is a long lived, slow growing, warm season, perennial grass commonly associated with the upper dunes along beach fronts. Sea oats is very drought tolerant, will tolerate salt spray and produces a massive root system. It prefers full sun and thrives in areas with blowing sand. It is an important contributor to the stabilization of protective sand dunes along the coast. Here it is shown silhouetted by a rising sun. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/278/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Olympic-Penninsula-Beach-Sunset_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Sunset and Sea Stacks Rialto Beach is near the mouth of the Quillayute River and is part of the Olympic National Park near Mora, WA. The beach was named "Rialto" by the famous magician Claude Alexander Conlin after the Rialto theater chain. The rocky shore and surf provides interesting focal points. A long exposure nicely blurs the water which ends up looking like a froth. Washington, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/277/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Live-Oak-reflected-in-Marsh-in-Morning-4_PSE.jpg Great Blue Heron in Live Oak Live oak trees grow readily along the coast of South Carolina and are seen growing right up to the edge of salt marshes. A Great Blue Heron uses it as a perch at the start of the day. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/276/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Live-Oak-reflected-in-Marsh-in-Morning-2_PSE.jpg Great Blue Heron and Live Oak Live oak trees grow readily along the coast of South Carolina and are seen growing right up to the edge of salt marshes. Here, a Great Blue Heron uses it as a perch at the start of the day. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/275/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Dunes-and-Sea-Oats_PSE-2_PSE_PSE_PSE-4.jpg Dunes, Sea Oats and Blue Sky Sea Oats (Uniola paniculata) is a long lived, slow growing, warm season, perennial grass commonly associated with the upper dunes along beach fronts. Sea oats is very drought tolerant, will tolerate salt spray and produces a massive root system. It prefers full sun and thrives in areas with blowing sand. It is an important contributor to the stabilization of protective sand dunes along the coast. Sand dunes provide natural protection against storm surge and high waves, preventing or reducing coastal flooding and structural damage. They are also an important ecological habitat for wildlife and plants. Dunes also act as sand storage areas, resupplying sand to eroded beaches. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/frozen-lake-michigan-at-escanaba/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Frozen-Lake-Michigan-Escanaba---ME_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Lake Michigan near Escanaba A calm, cool winter afternoon along Lake Michigan. Prior stormy conditions are evidenced by the ice sheets stacked up along the shore. Michigan, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/denail-and-alaska-range-reflected-in-pond/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Denali--Alaska-Range-and-Reflection-Pond---AK_PSE_PSE.jpg Denail and Alaska range reflection Denali, formerly known as Mount McKinley, is the highest peak in North America with a summit elevation of 20,310 feet (6,190 m) above sea level. It is part of the Alaska Range and is the tallest mountain in the world from base to peak at 18,000 feet. Its massive size is under-appreciated in this wide angle view, but I used this lens to capture the stillness of the water and the reflection of the mountain range in the lake. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/272/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Yosemite-Dawn-orig_PSE_PSE.jpg Dawn at Tunnel View Prior to the Ice Age, tectonic forces caused a 400-mile long block of granite to rise upwards, creating the Sierra Nevada Mountains. As the mountains rose up, rivers flowed down their slopes eventually carving out deep valleys. Later came several periods of glacial advancement. The most recent started around 50,000 years ago and receded about 10,000 years ago. These glaciers sculpted graceful valleys, gouged out sheer cliffs, and polished the granite to a shine. All of this resulted in a grand landscape known as the Yosemite Valley. This photo is taken just after a snowstorm from Tunnel View, one of the most popular viewpoints in Yosemite National Park. From there you have one of the most famous views of Yosemite Valley, showcasing the immensity of the granite walls that surround Yosemite Valley and providing a classic view of El Capitan, Half Dome, Sentinel Rock, Cathedral Rocks, and Bridalveil Fall. California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/surf-fsiherman-at-sunset--saipan-cnmi/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Surf-Fsiherman-at-Sunset---Saipan_PSE_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Surf Fisherman at Sunset A surf fisherman is silhouted against a colorful cloud display as the sun sets on Saipan, CNMI Saipan, CNMI https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/sunburst-through-trees-in-the-morning/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sunburst-through-trees_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Forest and Morning Sun The morning sun shines through the forest of deciuous trees in New York's Letchworth State Park, USA. New York, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/269/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Redwood-tree-and-hiker_PSE-2.jpg Coast Redwood with Admirer The global importance of Redwood National Park was recognized by the United Nations in 1980 by designating the park a World Heritage Site. The Coast Redwood, (Sequoia sempervirens), is native to the Pacific Coast from southern Oregon to central California, extending to not more than 50 miles inland. The name, Sequoia sempervirens, is Latin for "ever living", which is an appropriate name given that many trees are 600 to 1200 years old. They are the world's tallest living things with some trees growing to greater than 360 feet. Average mature trees have diameters of 10 to 15 feet at 4 feet 8 inches above the ground. This is well-appreciated when a person is included in the for scale. An acre of old growth redwood sequesters more carbon as biomass than an acre of any other forest on earth approximating seven times as much as a tropical rain forest. They are centers of biodiversity, containing lush carpets of sorrel, mosses and ferns on the forest floor, multiple animal species, and a surprising, hidden ecosystem high above the ground. California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/268/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Old-growth-Redwoods-with-Fog_PSE.jpg Old Growth Redwood Forest and Fog The global importance of Redwood National Park was recognized by the United Nations in 1980 by designating the park a World Heritage Site. The Coast Redwood, (Sequoia sempervirens), is native to the Pacific Coast from southern Oregon to central California, extending to not more than 50 miles inland. They are the world's tallest living things with some trees growing to greater than 360 feet. The name, Sequoia sempervirens, is Latin for "ever living", which is an appropriate name given that many trees are 600 to 1200 years old. An acre of old growth redwood sequesters more carbon as biomass than an acre of any other forest on earth approximating seven times as much as a tropical rain forest. They are centers of biodiversity, containing lush carpets of sorrel, mosses and ferns on the forest floor, multiple animal species, and a surprising, hidden ecosystem high above the ground. California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/267/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Ochre-Sea-Star-and-Rockweed_PSE_PSE.jpg Ochre Sea Star and Rockweed Sue-meg State Park, formerly known as Patrick's Point, is found in Humboldt County, California. There one can find many tidal pools to explore. Pisaster ochraceus, generally known as the purple sea star, ochre sea star, or ochre starfish, is a commonly found along the Pacific Coast. While most individuals are purple, they can be orange, orange-ochre, yellow, reddish, or brown.Silvetia is a genus of brown algae commonly known as rockweed. It is frequently found in the intertidal zone of rocky seashores of the Pacific Ocean. Humboldt County, California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/266/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Grape-Cluster-Vert-2_PSE-2.jpg Wine Grape Cluster Zinfandel grapes hang on the vine just about ready for harvest in Sonoma, California. Sonoma, California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/265/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Grape-Cluster-Vert-1_PSE_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Wine Grape Cluster Zinfandel grapes hang on the vine just about ready for harvest in Sonoma, California. Sonoma, California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/264/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Grape-Close-up_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Wine Grape Cluster Ripe Zinfandel grapes on the vine just about ready for harvest in Sonoma, California. Sonoma, California, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/cadillac-mountain-and-clouds/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Cadillac-Mountain-Granite_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Dawn on Cadillac Mountain What is now called Cadillac Mountain is the highest point along the U.S. Atlantic Coast. The Wabanaki people have long held this mountain, Wapuwoc (White Mountain of the First Light), as a spiritually significant place. At the summit the winds are strong and soils are thin, creating a "krummholtz" landscape of twisted shrubs, stunted trees, and low-growing plants. You can drive to the granite peak, so it is a popular sunrise and sunset destination. Maine, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/262/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Akaka-Falls-Hawaii_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Akaka Falls Akaka Falls is found in it namesake Akaka Falls State Park on the big island of Hawaii. Located on the rainy side of the island, it receives an ample supply of rain before plunging 442 feet into a gorge. Hawaii https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/261/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/269-031_PSE_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Haleakala Morning In its namesake national park, the dormant Haleakala volcano rises to a peak of 10,023 feet. It is visible from nearly everywhere on the island of Maui. A the summit lies a unique ecosystem containing species not found elsewhere, such as the silversword plant. It is perhaps best known for the morning views from the top. Maui, Hawaii, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/260/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Fungus-1-for-highlights_PSE.jpg Shelf Funghi Shelf fungi, bracket fungi or "tree ears" belong to the Polypore Family (Polyporaceae) and Phylum Basidiomycota. These fungi attack the wood of living trees creating "shelves" or "brackets". Shelf fungus tends to destroy only the weak and rotting trees as strong healthy trees respond to the fungus with a natural chemical defense. Hence, the fungi consume only the dead and dying wood and are a part of the healthy life cycle.The upper part of the bracket or shelf shows striations or "rings" which indicates the successive years of growth. The lower surface is lined with minute pores through which the spores are released into the air, and hence the name "polypores". These pores and the absence or short stems makes them different from many fungi.Shelf fungi have a wood-like, almost leathery texture, and can be rock hard. They are sometimes carved into works of art and even jewelry. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/259/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Lupine-in-Grass-1_PSE.jpg Summer Lupine Bloom Lupine is one of the wildflowers that grow in abundance during the long Alaskan summers. Lupines thrive in nutrient-poor areas, so they are found growing in places newly uncovered by retreating glaciers, in disturbed areas and sometimes where there seems to be little soil. The plant was once thought to deplete or "wolf" the mineral content of the soil; hence the genus name derived from the Latin lupus ("wolf"). But actually, the plant enhances soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a useful form. They harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria in nodules on their roots. These bacteria can pull nitrogen out of the air and incorporate it into organic compounds that enrich the soil and nurture the lupines. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/258/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Lupine-and-Grass-18_PSE-2.jpg Summer Lupine Bloom Lupine is one of the wildflowers that grow in abundance during the long Alaskan summers. Lupines thrive in nutrient-poor areas, so they are found growing in places newly uncovered by retreating glaciers, in disturbed areas and sometimes where there seems to be little soil. The plant was once thought to deplete or "wolf" the mineral content of the soil; hence the genus name derived from the Latin lupus ("wolf"). But actually, the plant enhances soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a useful form. They harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria in nodules on their roots. These bacteria can pull nitrogen out of the air and incorporate it into organic compounds that enrich the soil and nurture the lupines. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/257/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Lupine-and-Grass-11_PSE.jpg Summer Lupine Bloom Lupine is one of the wildflowers that grow in abundance during the long Alaskan summers. Lupines thrive in nutrient-poor areas, so they are found growing in places newly uncovered by retreating glaciers, in disturbed areas and sometimes where there seems to be little soil. The plant was once thought to deplete or "wolf" the mineral content of the soil; hence the genus name derived from the Latin lupus ("wolf"). But actually, the plant enhances soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a useful form. They harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria in nodules on their roots. These bacteria can pull nitrogen out of the air and incorporate it into organic compounds that enrich the soil and nurture the lupines. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/256/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Lupine-and-Grass-_PSE.jpg Summer Lupine Bloom Lupine is one of the wildflowers that grow in abundance during the long Alaskan summers. Lupines thrive in nutrient-poor areas, so they are found growing in places newly uncovered by retreating glaciers, in disturbed areas and sometimes where there seems to be little soil. The plant was once thought to deplete or "wolf" the mineral content of the soil; hence the genus name derived from the Latin lupus ("wolf"). But actually, the plant enhances soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a useful form. They harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria in nodules on their roots. These bacteria can pull nitrogen out of the air and incorporate it into organic compounds that enrich the soil and nurture the lupines. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/255/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Iris-20x30-ME_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Wild Iris Wildflowers are abundant in the summer in Alaska. When I came upon this stand of wild iris flowers just outside of anchorage in Alaska, I knew they were worth a stop. What I didn't anticipate was the density of the mosquitos, reputed to be Alaska's state bird. With mild temperatures, regular precipitation, and many marshlands, lakes, and rivers, the environment is well-suited for these pesky insects. I was able to come away with several images before I gave it up and left before I needed a blood transfusion. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/254/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Chenega-Glacier-and-Kayakers-1_PSE.jpg Kayakers at a Tidewater Glacier Of the several types of glaciers, those called Tidewater Glaciers have their terminus at the sea. If the glacier is fed by enough snow to flow out of the mountains, ice will break off or calve into water at sea level leaving blocks of ice floating in the water. Here, a kayaker navigates through calved ice while exploring Chenega glacier in Alaska's Prince William Sound Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/253/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Chenega-Glacier-and-Kayaker-3_PSE.jpg Kayaker at a Tidewater Glacier Of the several types of glaciers, those called Tidewater Glaciers have their terminus at the sea. If the glacier is fed by enough snow to flow out of the mountains, ice will break off or calve into water at sea level leaving blocks of ice floating in the water. Here, a kayaker navigates through calved ice while exploring Chenega glacier in Alaska's Prince William Sound Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/252/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Rain-Forest-shoreline_-alaska_PSE.jpg Temporate Rainforest The primary difference between temperate rainforests and tropical rainforests is location, and thus temperature. Annual precipitation in a temperate rainforest must be at least 55 inches (140 cm) and have average annual temperatures ranging between 39 and 54 degrees Fahrenheit (4 to 12 degrees Celsius). Tropical rainforests exist much closer to the equator and are much warmer, which allows them to support different species of plants.Along the shores of Prince William Sound lies the Chugach National Forest, which consists of temperate rainforest of ancient spruce and hemlock trees. It is the northern-most stretch of the same rainforest that begins in northern California and carpets the coasts of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. The densely-packed forest supports a wide range of wildlife. Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/251/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled-1_PSE_PSE.jpg Temperate Rainforest Waterfall The shores of Prince William Sound are lined with temperate rainforest consisting of ancient spruce and hemlock trees. Annual precipitation in a temperate rainforest must be at least 55 inches (140 cm) and have average annual temperatures ranging between 39 and 54 degrees Fahrenheit (4 to 12 degrees Celsius). As a result thousands of cascades and waterfalls, many of them yet unnamed, arise that drain directly into the sound. Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/250/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Cascades-and-Glacier-Silt_-Prince-William-Sound_PSE.jpg Small Cascades Hundreds of glaciers cap the mountains and fill the valleys around the Prince William Sound in Alaska. As they melt, thousands of waterfalls of various sizes traverse the temperate rainforest and drain into the sea. Rock flour, or glacial flour, consists of fine-grained silt particles generated by mechanical grinding of bedrock by the glaciers. Because the material is very small, it becomes suspended in the water which then appears cloudy. The sediment turns the water color grey, light brown, blue-green, or milky white. Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/249/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Cascade-and-Glacier-Silt_-Prince-William-Sound_PSE.jpg Small Cascade Hundreds of glaciers cap the mountains and fill the valleys around the Prince William Sound in Alaska. As they melt, thousands of waterfalls of various sizes traverse the temperate rainforest and drain into the sea. Rock flour, or glacial flour, consists of fine-grained silt particles generated by mechanical grinding of bedrock by the glaciers. Because the material is very small, it becomes suspended in the water which then appears cloudy. The sediment turns the water color grey, light brown, blue-green, or milky white. Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/248/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Cascade-and-Glacier-Silt_-Prince-William-Sound-2_PSE.jpg Small Cascades Hundreds of glaciers cap the mountains and fill the valleys around the Prince William Sound in Alaska. As they melt, thousands of waterfalls of various sizes traverse the temperate rainforest and drain into the sea. Rock flour, or glacial flour, consists of fine-grained silt particles generated by mechanical grinding of bedrock by the glaciers. Because the material is very small, it becomes suspended in the water which then appears cloudy. The sediment turns the water color grey, light brown, blue-green, or milky white. A small piece of floating glacier ice is evidence of a tidewater glacier in the vicinity. Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/247/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Floating-Ice-Cave-at-Chenega-Glacier-2_PSE.jpg Calved Ice from Tidewater Glacier Winter snow gradually accumulates on a glacier over time. The snow layer from each year is covered and compacted by each subsequent snow, and is gradually compressed and converted to firn. Firn is a form of ice that forms when snowflakes become granules due to compression. With more compression, the granules are squeezed together, and air is forced out. Eventually the granules are pressed together at the lowest levels to create dense glacial ice. These dense layers of ice absorb the long wavelengths of light and scatter short-waved blue light, which makes the ice appear blue. Of the several types of glaciers, those called Tidewater Glaciers have their terminus at the sea. If the glacier is fed by enough snow to flow out of the mountains, ice will break off or calve into water at sea level leaving blocks of ice floating in the water. Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/246/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Floating-Ice-Cave-at-Chenega-Glacier-1_PSE.jpg Calved Ice from Tidewater Glacier Winter snow gradually accumulates on a glacier over time. The snow layer from each year is covered and compacted by each subsequent snow, and is gradually compressed and converted to firn. Firn is a form of ice that forms when snowflakes become granules due to compression. With more compression, the granules are squeezed together, and air is forced out. Eventually the granules are pressed together at the lowest levels to create dense glacial ice. These dense layers of ice absorb the long wavelengths of light and scatter short-waved blue light, which makes the ice appear blue. Of the several types of glaciers, those called Tidewater Glaciers have their terminus at the sea. If the glacier is fed by enough snow to flow out of the mountains, ice will break off or calve into water at sea level leaving blocks of ice floating in the water. Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/245/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Chenega-Glacier-and-Calm-Water-6-2-ME.jpg Chenega Glacier Of the several types of glaciers, those called Tidewater Glaciers have their terminus at the sea. If the glacier is fed by enough snow to flow out of the mountains, ice will break off or calve into water at sea level, leaving blocks of ice floating in the water. The Prince William Sound is home to more tidewater glaciers than any other region in Alaska, with approximately 20 glaciers flowing into the ocean. Hundreds of other glaciers cap the surrounding mountains and fill the valleys around the Sound. Prince William Sound, Alaska https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/244/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Chenega-Glacier-and-Calm-Water-2-ME_PSE.jpg Chenega Glacier Of the several types of glaciers, those called Tidewater Glaciers have their terminus at the sea. If the glacier is fed by enough snow to flow out of the mountains, ice will break off or calve into water at sea level, leaving blocks of ice floating in the water. The Prince William Sound is home to more tidewater glaciers than any other region in Alaska, with approximately 20 glaciers flowing into the ocean. Hundreds of other glaciers cap the surrounding mountains and fill the valleys around the Sound. Prince William Sound, Alaska https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/243/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Rocky-shore-with-Conifers_-Prince-William-Sound-2_PSE.jpg Prince William Sound Beach As the glaciers receded at the end of the ice age, the waters of the Prince William Sound filled the fjords created by the glaciers off the coast of Alaska. Countless bays and thousands of miles of coastline lie ready to be explored such as this beach pictured here. Temperate rain forests come right to the waters edge in many places. The cool, clear waters are quite important to the salmon, marine mammals, bears, otters and other species abundant in the area. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/242/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Rocky-beach-Prince-William-Sound_PSE.jpg Prince William Sound Shoreline As the glaciers receded at the end of the ice age, the waters of the Prince William Sound filled the fjords off the coast of Alaska. Countless bays and thousands of miles of coastline, such as this beach pictured here, lie ready to be explored. Temperate rain forests come right to the waters edge in many places. The cool, clear waters are quite important to the salmon, marine mammals, bears, otters and other wildlife species abundant in the area. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/241/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Herring-Bay-at-Dusk-with-boat_PSE.jpg Herring Bay Dusk Herring Bay lies within the Prince William Sound which contains many islands and fjords. Most of the land surrounding the sound is part of the Chugach National Forest, the second largest national forest in the U.S.. Here the peaks of the glaciated Chugach Mountains seemingly arise from the sea. Prince William Sound, AK, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/240/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sunset-at-Lake-Louise---AK_PSE.jpg Dusk at Lake Louise Snow-capped mountains and evergreen spruce trees are typical of the terrain in Alaska. Here at Lake Louise, the sky is filled with pastel colors during a sunset that seemed to go on for quite some time at the end of a long summer day. Alaska, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/239/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED8394_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Calm Morning Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/238/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9496_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Windless Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/237/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9458_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Simple Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape images made. Not so easy to photograph (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/236/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9438_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Soothing Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or they can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most prevalent types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to capture (or process), but when the conditions are right they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/235/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9418_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Atlantic Ocean Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/234/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/JANE0239_PSE.jpg Perenial Rhtyhms Sunrise at an ocean beach is a dynamic affair. Each dawn is different, as is each breaking wave. Yet the rise of the sun and the periodicity of the tides is predictable. Still, you're never quite sure what you are going to get. The sun and the ever-changing clouds can add drama, or make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of sunrise images, no doubt one of the most prevalent of landscape photographs. Not so easy to capture (or process) - when the proper circumstances coalesce, they are hard to beat. That's what keeps bringing you back for more. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/233/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/JANE0198_PSE_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Gonna Be a Warm One Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or they can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. On this day, even at sunrise, I could tell it was going to be a blistering, hot day. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/232/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/JANE0065_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Gentle Waves at Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/231/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD7027_PSE_PSE.jpg Peaceful Surf Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or they can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/230/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6983_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Atlantic Ocean Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/229/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6954_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Placid Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/228/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6855_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Atlantic Ocean Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/227/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6854_PSE_PSE.jpg Awash Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they have no character, can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most commonly photographed landscape images. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/226/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6846_PSE_PSE.jpg Atlantic Ocean Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/225/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6820_PSE_PSE.jpg Atlantic Ocean Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/224/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6786_PSE_PSE.jpg Atlantic Ocean Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/223/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6786_PSE_PSE.jpg Sunrise, Reflections and Ripples Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/222/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD7027_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/221/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6983_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/220/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6954_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/219/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6855_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/218/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6854_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/217/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6846_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/216/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6820_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/215/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6807_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/214/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD6786_PSE_PSE.jpg Atlantic Ocean Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/213/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_11A1406_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/212/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_11A1399_PSE_PSE.jpg Fiery Atlantic Ocean Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/211/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_11A1380_PSE_PSE.jpg https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/210/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_9545_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Female Anhinga on its Nest in the Rain The Anhinga's distinctive shape earned it the nickname "snake bird" for its long snakelike neck. It uses this to hunt fish and amphibians while swimming through the water. Unlike most waterbirds, the Anhinga doesn't have waterproof feathers. These wet feathers, as well as their dense bones, help them to slowly submerge their bodies under the water to hunt. This female, identified by her buffy colored neck, is wet for another reason. She sits on her nest in the midst of a rainstorm. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/209/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9962_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Male Anhinga The Anhinga is often called a "snake bird" for its long snakelike neck, seen as it slithers through the water. Unlike most waterbirds, the Anhinga doesn't have waterproof feathers. It is often seen perched with its wings spread while drying out its feathers. Their wet feathers and dense bones help them slowly submerge their bodies under the water where they stalk fish. However, this male has dry feathers which show off their details quite nicely. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/208/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED9370_PSE.jpg Red-winged Blackbird Female with Dragonfly The Red-winged Blackbird is commonly seen near freshwater marshes where it forages for food. The male is easily identified as its name readily describes its appearance. The female however look much different, with dark brown above and heavily streaked below. There may be a small red patch on the wings, but that is often absent. This female has caught and holds a dragonfly and another insect I can not identify, perhaps rounding up food for its nestling. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/207/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED8934_PSE_PSE.jpg Red-tailed Hawk Eyas in Nest The red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America. Pairs engage in courtship rituals to strengthen pair bonds before breeding. They then construct a stick nest most often in a large tree high off the ground. After 28 to 35 days of incubation the eggs hatch over 2 to 4 days. The female (hen) broods them while the male (tierce) provides most of the food to the female and the young. A baby hawk is called an eyas, with two or more known as eyasses (pronounced "EYE-ess-ez"). The female feeds them after tearing the food into small pieces. The young typically leave the nest for the first time and attempt their first flights at about 42-46 days after hatching. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/206/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0067_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Adult American Alligator in Swamp The American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is the largest reptile in North America and can grow up to 15 feet in length or more. It is the second largest member of the family Alligatoridae, with only the Black Caiman perhaps growing larger. American alligators are apex predators and consume fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. They are cold-blooded and are frequently seen basking in the sun to warm up, and seeking refuge in the water to cool down. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/205/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0247_PSE.jpg Painted Turtle Duo Two painted turtles are common in the southeast. Since they are reptiles and therefore cold-blooded (ectothermic), they must thermoregulate. Covered in duckweed, these two bask in the afternoon sun, one sleeping and one on the lookout. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/204/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Opossum-close-up-in-tree-hollow-ME.jpg Opossum in Tree Cavity Both possum and opossum correctly refer to the Virginia opossum frequently seen in North America. Opossum can be pronounced with its first syllable either voiced or silent. They are members of the marsupial order Didelphimorphia. The young are born at a very early stage at only 12 to 14 days. Once born, the offspring must find their way into the marsupium to hold on to and nurse from a teat. Baby opossums, like their Australian cousins, are called joeys. Opossums are semi-arboreal and opportunistic omnivores. The opossum lifespan is unusually short for a mammal of its size, usually only one to two years in the wild. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/203/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_6496_PSE_PSE.jpg Opossum in a Tree at Night Both possum and opossum correctly refer to the Virginia opossum frequently seen in North America. Opossum can be pronounced with its first syllable either voiced or silent. They are members of the marsupial order Didelphimorphia. The young are born at a very early stage at only 12 to 14 days. Once born, the offspring must find their way into the marsupium to hold onto and nurse from a teat. Baby opossums, like their Australian cousins, are called joeys.Opossums are semi-arboreal and opportunistic omnivores. The opossum lifespan is unusually short for a mammal of its size, usually only one to two years in the wild. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/202/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0789-Pano_PSE-3-1-ver-2_PSE_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Glacier National Park Entrance Immediately upon entering Glacier National Park, just at the Saint Mary Visitor Center, you are treated to a panoramic view towards the Southwest. Glacier is one of the most visited parks in the US, and for good reason. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/201/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0687-Pano_PSE-3-1_PSE.jpg Wild Goose Island Lookout Panoramic view of Saint Mary Lake in Glacier National Park as seen from Wild Goose Island Lookout. It is an example of a Glacier Valley Lake. These finger-like lakes are at lower elevation and are located in long, U-shaped glacial valleys. Just like the valleys they partially fill, these lakes are quite deep, with steep walls. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/200/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1035_PSE_PSE.jpg Grinnell Lake and Angel Wing Grinnell lake is found in Glacier National Park along the Grinnell Glacier Trail. It is fed by Grinnell Creek which arises from the Grinnell Glacier on Mt. Grinnell. Wondering who it's named after…George Bird Grinnell! The lake has an opaque, turquoise appearance from the rock flour (silt) which is transported to the lake from Grinnell Glacier via the streams in the upper right. Angel wing is seen in the background. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/199/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1023-HDR_PSE_PSE.jpg Grinnell Lake and Angel Wing Grinnell lake is found in Glacier National Park along the Grinnell Glacier Trail. It is fed by Grinnell Creek which arises from the Grinnell Glacier on Mt. Grinnell. Wondering who it's named after…George Bird Grinnell! The lake has an opaque, turquoise appearance from the rock flour (silt) which is transported to the lake from Grinnell Glacier. Angel wing is seen in the background. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/198/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0991-HDR-2-ext-edit_PSE.jpg Paternoster Lakes Three Types of Lakes are found in Glacier National Park. Glacial Valley Lakes are lower-elevation "finger-like lakes" located in long, U-shaped glacial valleys. These lakes are quite deep with steep walls. Glacial Tarns are located at higher elevations. These smaller lakes fill ice-carved natural amphitheaters known as cirques. In many cases water runs out of the lake via a waterfall. The lakes pictured here, Grinnell Lake, Lake Josephine and Lake Sherburne are called Paternoster Lakes. These are chains of smaller lakes strung together by streams, resembling rosary beads. These successively lower lakes fill the steps of giant glacial stairways. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/197/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0986_PSE.jpg Grinnell Lake and Allen Mountain Grinnell lake is found in Glacier National Park along the Grinnell Glacier Trail. It is fed by Grinnell Creek which arises from the Grinnell Glacier on Mt. Grinnell. Wondering who it's named after…George Bird Grinnell! The lake has an opaque, turquoise appearance from the rock flour (silt) which is transported to the lake from Grinnell Glacier. Allen Mountain is seen in the background. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/196/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0954_PSE.jpg Grinnell Lake and Angel Wing Grinnell lake is found in Glacier National Park along the Grinnell Glacier Trail. It is fed by Grinnell Creek which arises from the Grinnell Glacier on Mt. Grinnell. Wondering who it's named after…George Bird Grinnell! The lake has an opaque, turquoise appearance from the rock flour (silt) which is transported to the lake from Grinnell Glacier. Angel wing is seen in the background. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/195/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0932-ext-edit-2_PSE.jpg Grinnell Lake, Angel Wing and Mt Gould Grinnell lake is found in Glacier National Park along the Grinnell Glacier Trail. It is fed by Grinnell Creek which arises from the Grinnell Glacier on Mt. Grinnell. Wondering who it's named after…George Bird Grinnell! The lake has an opaque, turquoise appearance from the rock flour (silt) which is transported to the lake from Grinnell Glacier. Angel wing and the peak of Mt Gould are seen in the background Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/194/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0913-HDR-ext-edit_PSE.jpg Grinnell Lake and Angel Wing Grinnell lake is found in Glacier National Park along the Grinnell Glacier Trail. It is fed by Grinnell Creek which arises from the Grinnell Glacier on Mt. Grinnell. Wondering who it's named after…George Bird Grinnell! The lake has an opaque, turquoise appearance from the rock flour (silt) which is transported to the lake from Grinnell Glacier. Angel wing is seen in the background Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/193/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0394_PSE.jpg Avalanche Creek Avalanche Creek in Glacier National Park, Montana, originates in Avalanche Lake. The color of the blue water testifies to its glacial-fed origins. Rock flower, or glacial silt is created from the mechanical grinding of the glacier, and often flows into the creek after heavy rains. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/192/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0534_PSE.jpg Rainbow, Clouds and Flathead River As a storm clears, a rainbow forms over the Middle Fork of the Flathead River. The river has its headwaters in the Bob Marshall Wilderness and flows for approximately 92 miles, forming the southwestern boundary of Glacier National Park. The color and clarity of the blue water testifies to its glacial-fed origins. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/191/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0529_PSE.jpg Rainbow, Clouds and Flathead River A rainbow forms as a storm clears, over the Middle Fork of the Flathead River. The river has its headwaters in the Bob Marshall Wilderness and flows for approximately 92 miles, forming the southwestern boundary of Glacier National Park. The color and clarity of the blue water testifies to its glacial-fed origins. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/190/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0527_PSE_PSE-4.jpg Rainbow, Clouds and Flathead River As a storm clears, a rainbow forms over the Middle Fork of the Flathead River. The river has its headwaters in the Bob Marshall Wilderness and flows for approximately 92 miles, forming the southwestern boundary of Glacier National Park. The color and clarity of the blue water testifies to its glacial-fed origins. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/189/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0516_PSE.jpg Rainbow, Clouds, and River As a storm clears, a rainbow forms over the Middle Fork of the Flathead River. The river has its headwaters in the Bob Marshall Wilderness and flows for approximately 92 miles, forming the southwestern boundary of Glacier National Park. The color and clarity of the blue water testifies to its glacial-fed origins. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/188/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0509_PSE-4.jpg Rainbow and Mountains A rainbow forms as a storm breaks in Montana near the Middle Fork of the Flathead River. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/187/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0508_PSE_PSE.jpg Rainbow, Rafters and Flathead River As a storm clears, rafters are treated to a rainbow that formed over the Middle Fork of the Flathead River. The river has its headwaters in the Bob Marshall Wilderness and flows for approximately 92 miles, forming the southwestern boundary of Glacier National Park. The color and clarity of the blue water testifies to its glacial-fed origins. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/186/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0466_PSE.jpg Avalanche Lake and Waterfalls Avalanche lake in Glacier National Park sits at the base of 8694-foot Bearhat Mountain, which rises almost 4800 feet above the lake towards the northeast. There are several long waterfalls plunging hundreds of feet as they make their way down the mountain. Many of these waterfalls originate from Sperry Glacier. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/185/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0458_PSE.jpg Avalanche Creek Avalanche Creek in Glacier National Park arises from glacier-fed Avalanche Lake. It carves its way though a 500-year-old cedar forest of towering trees and moss-covered boulders. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/184/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1281_PSE.jpg Hoary Marmot Marmots are large ground squirrels in the Genus Marmota. They are the heaviest members of the squirrel family. They are active during the summer, but hibernate during the winter. Groups of marmots are called colonies and the burrow system of these colonies have several entrances and exits.Marmots are herbivores eating nuts, leaves, seeds, flowers, grass, and grains, and can live from 13 to 15 years in the wild. A marmot will spend a significant amount of time sunning itself on rocks to get warm. When disturbed it will make a whistling sound to alert others around them of a predator in the area and are sometimes called a "whistle pigs". Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/183/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/MArmot-_DMD1255_PSE.jpg Hoary Marmot in Wildflowers Marmots are large ground squirrels in the Genus Marmota. They are the heaviest members of the squirrel family. They are active during the summer, but hibernate during the winter. Groups of marmots are called colonies and the burrow system of these colonies have several entrances and exits relied upon for safety.Marmots are herbivores eating nuts, leaves, seeds, flowers, grass, and grains, and can live from 13 to 15 years in the wild. A marmot will spend a significant amount of time sunning itself on rocks to get warm. When disturbed it will make a whistling sound to alert others around them of a predator in the area and are sometimes called a "whistle pigs". Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/182/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1242_PSE.jpg Hoary Marmot eating Wildflowers Marmots are large ground squirrels in the Genus Marmota. They are the heaviest members of the squirrel family. They are active during the summer, but hibernate during the winter. Groups of marmots are called colonies. The burrow system of these colonies have several entrances and exits, providing for safe access when predators approach.Marmots are herbivores, eating nuts, leaves, seeds, flowers, grass, and grains, and can live from 13 to 15 years in the wild. A marmot will spend a significant amount of time sunning itself on rocks to get warm. When disturbed it will make a whistling sound to alert others around them of a predator in the area and are sometimes called a "whistle pigs". Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/181/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Madison-River---Yellowstone-1_PSE-266-1_PSE.jpg Madison River Panorama The Madison river is a famous trout-fishing stream in Yellowstone National Park in Montana. It's cool, clear, running waters are flanked by a multitude of conifers. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/180/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD2424-Pano_PSE_PSE_PSE-266-1.jpg Lamar Valley Panorama The Lamar Valley of Yellowstone National Park is frequently visited by those wanting to see the wolves, bears, bison and other resident wildlife. But it is also a place with grand scenery and beautiful vistas that go on for miles. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/179/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Lower-Falls-Yellowstone-River-45_PSE.jpg Lower Falls, Yellowstone River The lower falls of the Yellowstone River is an easily-accessible location that is must-stop spot in any tour of Yellowstone National Park. It is the tallest waterfall in the park at 308 feet and in terms of height alone, it's more than twice the size of Niagara Falls. The amount of water flowing over the falls varies greatly depending on the season. At peak runoff times in the spring, 63,500 gal/sec flow over the falls, whereas at lower runoff times in the fall, the flow diminishes to 5,000 gal/sec. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/178/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Lower-Falls-Yellowstone-River-20_PSE.jpg Lower Falls, Yellowstone River The lower falls of the Yellowstone River is an easily-accessible location that is must-stop spot in any tour of Yellowstone National Park. It is the tallest waterfall in the park at 308 feet, and in terms of height alone it's more than twice the size of Niagara Falls. The amount of water flowing over the falls varies greatly depending on the season. At peak runoff times in the spring, 63,500 gal/sec flow over the falls, whereas at lower runoff times in the fall, the flow diminishes to 5,000 gal/sec. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/177/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Lower-Falls-Yellowstone-River-2.jpg Lower Falls, Yellowstone River The lower falls of the Yellowstone River is an easily-accessible location that is must-stop spot in any tour of Yellowstone National Park. It is the tallest waterfall in the park at 308 feet and in terms of height alone, it's more than twice the size of Niagara Falls. The amount of water flowing over the falls varies greatly depending on the season. At peak runoff times in the spring, 63,500 gal/sec flow over the falls, whereas at lower runoff times in the fall, the flow diminishes to 5,000 gal/sec. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/176/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3921_PSE_PSE.jpg American Mink American Mink (Noegale vision) are effective predators, eating birds and their eggs, small mammals, fish, amphibians, shellfish and crustaceans. Mink like to live near water and are seldom found far from riverbanks, lakes, and marshes. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/175/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3918_PSE.jpg American Mink American Mink (Noegale vision) are effective predators, eating birds and their eggs, small mammals, fish, amphibians, shellfish and crustaceans. Mink like to live near water and are seldom found far from riverbanks, lakes, and marshes. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/174/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3868_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg American Mink with Crayfish American Mink (Noegale vision) are effective predators, eating birds and their eggs, small mammals, fish, amphibians, shellfish and crustaceans. Mink live near water and are seldom found far from riverbanks, lakes, and marshes. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/173/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Dead-Tree-Grand-Prismatic-Spring-Yellowstone-1_PSE.jpg Dead Tree near Hot Spring The thermal pools and hot springs in Yellowstone National Park are dangerous places to humans and other living things, including trees. They exude water at very hot temperatures, mixed with noxious gases and toxic minerals. This tree has succumbed but remains standing among the terraces created adjacent to the famous Grand Prismatic Spring in Yellowstone National Park. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/172/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1106_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Summer Alpine Wildflowers A small creek trickles through a bloom of summer wildflowers along an alpine trail in August in Glacier National Park, Montana. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/171/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1095_PSE.jpg Summer Alpine Wildflowers Summer wildflowers bloom along an alpine trail in August in Glacier National Park, Montana Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/170/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_7032-ME-ME_PSE_PSE-25-1-_PSE-2.jpg Salt Marsh Sunrise Dawn at a salt marsh along the Carolina coast at Huntington Beach State Park. Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/169/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2927_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Rams The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep. The large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/168/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2907_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram Grazing The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep. The large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/166/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2876_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram Grazing The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep. The large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/165/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2863_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram Grazing The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep. The large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/164/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2857_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep. The large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/163/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2846_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other is the Dall sheep. Large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which leads to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/162/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2835_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep. The large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/161/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2826_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep. The large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/160/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2805_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being Dall sheep. Large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/159/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2787_PSE-2_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns. These large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators. In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/158/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2768_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep. The large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/157/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2761_PSE_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep. The large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/156/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2746_PSE.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram Grazing The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep. The large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/155/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2746_PSE_PSE-Vert-crop.jpg Bighorn Sheep Ram Grazing The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep. The large, curved horns are borne by the rams (males), while the ewes (females) have horns that are shorter and with less curvature. The bighorn sheep's keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.In warmer months, bighorn sheep browse on grasses, clover, and sedges: transitioning to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. Females tend to forage and walk, possibly to avoid predators and protect lambs. Males tend to eat, then rest and ruminate, which lends to more effective digestion and larger increases in body size. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Bighorn sheep are considered good indicators of land health because the species is sensitive to many human-induced environmental problems. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/154/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Golden-Mantled-Ground-Squirrel-62_PSE.jpg Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel The Golden-mantled ground squirrel is native to western North America, distributed throughout the Rocky Mountains and through much of the western United States. It is often mistaken for a chipmunk but is larger, has a more robust body, a shorter tail and stripes that do not extend onto the sides of the head. It is omnivorous, feeding on nuts, acorns, fungi, insects, eggs, young birds, lizards, carrion, and human foods. During the summers they gain extra weight to prepare for hibernation, and will cache its food near its burrow. Hibernation occurs over the Winter. Monatana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/153/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Golden-Mantled-Ground-Squirrel-30_PSE_PSE.jpg Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel The Golden-mantled ground squirrel is native to western North America, distributed throughout the Rocky Mountains and through much of the western United States. It is often mistaken for a chipmunk but is larger, has a more robust body, a shorter tail and stripes that do not extend onto the sides of the head. It is omnivorous, feeding on nuts, acorns, fungi, insects, eggs, young birds, lizards, carrion, and human foods. During the summers they gain extra weight to prepare for hibernation, and will cache its food near its burrow. Hibernation occurs over the Winter. Monatana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/152/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Golden-Mantled-Ground-Squirrel-29_PSE_PSE.jpg Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel The Golden-mantled ground squirrel is native to western North America, distributed throughout the Rocky Mountains and through much of the western United States. It is often mistaken for a chipmunk but is larger, has a more robust body, a shorter tail and stripes that do not extend onto the sides of the head. It is omnivorous, feeding on nuts, acorns, fungi, insects, eggs, young birds, lizards, carrion, and human foods. During the summers they gain extra weight to prepare for hibernation, and will cache its food near its burrow. Hibernation occurs over the Winter. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/151/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Golden-Mantled-Ground-Squirrel-26_PSE_PSE.jpg Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel The Golden-mantled ground squirrel is native to western North America. It is distributed throughout the Rocky Mountains and through much of the western United States. It is often mistaken for a chipmunk but is larger, has a more robust body, a shorter tail and stripes that do not extend onto the sides of the head. It is omnivorous, feeding on nuts, acorns, fungi, insects, eggs, young birds, lizards, carrion, and human foods. During the summers they gain extra weight to prepare for hibernation, and will cache its food near its burrow. Hibernation occurs over the winter, but varies in length depending on location. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/148/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Golden-Mantled-Ground-Squirrel-24_PSE_PSE.jpg Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel The Golden-mantled ground squirrel is native to western North America, distributed throughout the Rocky Mountains and through much of the western United States. It is often mistaken for a chipmunk but is larger, has a more robust body, a shorter tail and stripes that do not extend onto the sides of the head. It is omnivorous, feeding on nuts, acorns, fungi, insects, eggs, young birds, lizards, carrion, and human foods. During the summers they gain extra weight to prepare for hibernation, and will cache its food near its burrow. Hibernation occurs over the Winter, but varies in length depending on location. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/147/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Golden-Mantled-Ground-Squirrel-13_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel The Golden-mantled ground squirrel is native to western North America, distributed throughout the Rocky Mountains and through much of the western United States. It is often mistaken for a chipmunk but is larger, has a more robust body, a shorter tail and stripes that do not extend onto the sides of the head. It is omnivorous, feeding on nuts, acorns, fungi, insects, eggs, young birds, lizards, carrion, and human foods. During the summers they gain extra weight to prepare for hibernation, and will cache its food near its burrow. Hibernation occurs over the Winter, but varies in length depending on location. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/146/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5580_PSE.jpg Pronghorn Group Pronghorn are North America's fastest land mammal, reaching speeds up to 55 mph when fleeing from predators. They have large eyes, fantastic vision and prefer open, expansive terrain. They eat a wide variety of plant foods, and have the longest land migration of any hoofed animal in America's lower 48 states.Both males and females have a pair of short horns on the top of the head. The female's horns are small, usually only a bump. In contrast, the males' horns are around 10 to 12 inches long. A pronghorns' horns extend straight up and then curve toward the rump. At the front of the horn is a small "prong" that points forward, hence the animal's name. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/145/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5569_PSE-up-to-30x45_PSE.jpg Two Pronghorns Pronghorn are North America's fastest land mammal, reaching speeds up to 55 mph when fleeing from predators. They have large eyes, fantastic vision and prefer open, expansive terrain. They eat a wide variety of plant foods, and have the longest land migration of any hoofed animal in America's lower 48 states.Both males and females have a pair of short horns on the top of the head. The female's horns are small, usually only a bump. In contrast, the males' horns are around 10 to 12 inches long. A pronghorns' horns extend straight up and then curve toward the rump. At the front of the horn is a small "prong" that points forward, hence the animal's name. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/144/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5561_PSE.jpg Pronghorn Males Pronghorn are North America's fastest land mammal, reaching speeds up to 55 mph when fleeing from predators. They have large eyes, fantastic vision and prefer open, expansive terrain. They eat a wide variety of plant foods, and have the longest land migration of any hoofed animal in America's lower 48 states.Both males and females have a pair of short horns on the top of the head. The female's horns are small, usually only a bump. In contrast, the males' horns are around 10 to 12 inches long. A pronghorns' horns extend straight up and then curve toward the rump. At the front of the horn is a small "prong" that points forward, hence the animal's name. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/143/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5526_PSE.jpg Pronghorn Pronghorn are North America's fastest land mammal, reaching speeds up to 55 mph when fleeing from predators. They have large eyes, fantastic vision and prefer open, expansive terrain. They eat a wide variety of plant foods, and have the longest land migration of any hoofed animal in America's lower 48 states.Both males and females have a pair of short horns on the top of the head. The female's horns are small, usually only a bump. In contrast, the males' horns are around 10 to 12 inches long. A pronghorns' horns extend straight up and then curve toward the rump. At the front of the horn is a small "prong" that points forward, hence the animal's name. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/142/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5508_PSE.jpg Pronghorn Pronghorn are North America's fastest land mammal, reaching speeds up to 55 mph when fleeing from predators. They have large eyes, fantastic vision and prefer open, expansive terrain. They eat a wide variety of plant foods, and have the longest land migration of any hoofed animal in America's lower 48 states.Both males and females have a pair of short horns on the top of the head. The female's horns are small, usually only a bump. In contrast, the males' horns are around 10 to 12 inches long. A pronghorns' horns extend straight up and then curve toward the rump. At the front of the horn is a small "prong" that points forward, hence the animal's name. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/141/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5487_PSE.jpg Two Pronghorn Pronghorn are North America's fastest land mammal, reaching speeds up to 55 mph when fleeing from predators. They have large eyes, fantastic vision and prefer open, expansive terrain. They eat a wide variety of plant foods, and have the longest land migration of any hoofed animal in America's lower 48 states.Both males and females have a pair of short horns on the top of the head. The female's horns are small, usually only a bump. In contrast, the males' horns are around 10 to 12 inches long. A pronghorns' horns extend straight up and then curve toward the rump. At the front of the horn is a small "prong" that points forward, hence the animal's name. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/140/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5466_PSE.jpg Two Pronghorn Grazing Pronghorn are North America's fastest land mammal, reaching speeds up to 55 mph when fleeing from predators. They have large eyes, fantastic vision and prefer open, expansive terrain. They eat a wide variety of plant foods, and have the longest land migration of any hoofed animal in America's lower 48 states.Both males and females have a pair of short horns on the top of the head. The female's horns are small, usually only a bump. In contrast, the males' horns are around 10 to 12 inches long. A pronghorns' horns extend straight up and then curve toward the rump. At the front of the horn is a small "prong" that points forward, hence the animal's name. Monatana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/139/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5456_PSE_PSE.jpg Two Pronghorn Grazing Pronghorn are North America's fastest land mammal, reaching speeds up to 55 mph when fleeing from predators. They have large eyes, fantastic vision and prefer open, expansive terrain. They eat a wide variety of plant foods, and have the longest land migration of any hoofed animal in America's lower 48 states.Both males and females have a pair of short horns on the top of the head. The female's horns are small, usually only a bump. In contrast, the males' horns are around 10 to 12 inches long. A pronghorns' horns extend straight up and then curve toward the rump. At the front of the horn is a small "prong" that points forward, hence the animal's name. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/138/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5448_PSE.jpg Three Pronghorn Pronghorn are North America's fastest land mammal, reaching speeds up to 55 mph when fleeing from predators. They have large eyes, fantastic vision and prefer open, expansive terrain. They eat a wide variety of plant foods, and have the longest land migration of any hoofed animal in America's lower 48 states. Both males and females have a pair of short horns on the top of the head. The female's horns are small, usually only a bump. In contrast, the males' horns are around 10 to 12 inches long. A pronghorns' horns extend straight up and then curve toward the rump. At the front of the horn is a small "prong" that points forward, hence the animal's name. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/137/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5393_PSE.jpg Pronghorn Pronghorn are North America's fastest land mammal, reaching speeds up to 55 mph when fleeing from predators. They have large eyes, fantastic vision and prefer open, expansive terrain. They eat a wide variety of plant foods, and have the longest land migration of any hoofed animal in America's lower 48 states. Both males and females have a pair of short horns on the top of the head. The female's horns are small, usually only a bump. In contrast, the males' horns are around 10 to 12 inches long. A pronghorns' horns extend straight up and then curve toward the rump. At the front of the horn is a small "prong" that points forward, hence the animal's name. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/136/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5261_PSE.jpg Pronghorn Portrait Pronghorn are North America's fastest land mammal, reaching speeds up to 55 mph when fleeing from predators. They have large eyes, fantastic vision and prefer open, expansive terrain. They eat a wide variety of plant foods, and have the longest land migration of any hoofed animal in America's lower 48 states.Both males and females have a pair of short horns on the top of the head. The female's horns are small, usually only a bump. In contrast, the males' horns are around 10 to 12 inches long. A pronghorns' horns extend straight up and then curve toward the rump. At the front of the horn is a small "prong" that points forward, hence the animal's name. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/135/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/USA-SC-Waverly-156-HDR-Pano_PSE-166-1-crop_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Low Country Sunset with Cypress Trees The sun sets over a dormant ricefield in the Low Country of South Carolina. The Blackwater Rivers along the coast are tidal, and rice was once regularly cultivated here. However in recent years, the fields are dormant and starting to revert back to their natural states. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/134/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/USA-SC-Waverly-40_PSE_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Sunset in a ricefield The sun sets over over an old blackwater river ricefield in the Low Country along the coast of South Carolina. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/133/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/USA-SC-Waverly-156-HDR-Pano_PSE-166-1-crop_PSE_PSE.jpg Sunset with Cypress Trees The sun sets over old ricefield in the Low Country along the coast of South Carolina. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/132/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-SC-Waccamaw-91_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Sunset Reflections The sun, cypress trees and clouds are reflected in the calm waters of an old ricefield. Rice was an important crop in the coastal plain of South Carolina until the end of the 19th century. Tidal fresh water rivers were used, as this allowed control of the level of the water in the ricefield through the use of locks. Today they are no longer cultivated and are slowly returning to their natural states. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/131/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-SC-Waccamaw-121_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE-3.jpg Sunburst, Clouds and Cypress Trees Reflections The sun, cypress trees and clouds are reflected in the calm waters of an old ricefield. Rice was an important crop in the coastal plain of South Carolina until the end of the 19th century. Tidal fresh water rivers were used, as this allowed control of the level of the water in the ricefield through the use of locks. Today they are no longer cultivated and are slowly returning to their natural states. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/129/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-SC-Waccamaw-107_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Ricefield Reflections Cypress trees, clouds and the sunburst are reflected in the calm waters of an old ricefield. Rice was an important crop in the coastal plain of South Carolina until the end of the 19th century. Tidal fresh water rivers were used, as this allowed control of the level of the water in the ricefield through the use of locks. Today they are no longer cultivated and are slowly returning to their natural states. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/127/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/US-SC-Waccamaw-55_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Sunset in an Old Ricefield The sun, cypress trees and clouds are reflected in the calm waters of an old ricefield. Rice was an important crop in the coastal plain of South Carolina until the end of the 19th century. tidal fresh water rivers were used, as this allowed control of the level of the water in the ricefield through the use of locks. Today they are no longer cultivated and are slowly returning to their natural states. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/126/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4291_PSE_PSE.jpg Bull Elk with Developed Rack A front view of a bull elk with a fully developed set of antlers. This view gives a sense of how wide and large antlers can be. They are necessary for a bull elk to establish dominance over a breeding herd of cows. Montana. USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/125/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4287_PSE.jpg Bull Elk in late Summer A bull elk with a full rack of antlers is well-equipped to fight for the right to breed with the harem. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/124/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4245_PSE.jpg Bull Elk Flehmen Reaction during the Rut Here, during the rut, a bull elk samples the air in what's known as a Flehmen response or reaction. He will curl back his upper lip exposing the front teeth, inhaling with the nostrils usually closed, and then often holds this position for several seconds. This helps him determine whether a cow is in estrus and thus ready to mate. A bull will roam from cow to cow to find those that are ready to breed. Along with defending and maintaining a harem, this requires an enormous amount of energy. There is little time for bulls to feed and they will lose about 20 percent of their body weight by the end of the rut. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/123/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4206_PSE_PSE.jpg Bull Elk in Meadow A bull elk with a fully developed rack grazes in a meadow near the end of summer in Montana's Yellowstone National Park. This time of year is quite important to the elk. They must "bulk up" on summers' abundance to have energy for the rut, and to survive the lean winter months that are rapidly approaching. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/122/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4156_PSE.jpg Elk Cow in Yellowstone National Park A cow elk poses while transiting a meadow during the summer in Montana. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/121/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4144_PSE.jpg Elk cow in the Summer An elk cow walks through a meadow in the mountains of Montana in the summer. Summer is a time abundance, when foraging is important to help the elk prepare for the upcoming winter. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/120/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4090_PSE.jpg An Elk Cow dines on Arnica Wildflowers An cow elk in a field of Arnica wildflowers feeds on the summer bounty. This will help sustain her through the lean winter months in Montana. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/119/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4070_PSE.jpg Elk Cow and Calf in a Field of Arnica A elk cow dines with its calf amongst the bloom of Arnica in a mountain meadow. Calves are born in the late spring or early summer, and are covered in white spots as camouflage to hide from predators. The white spots slowly fade as the calf assumes a more mature coat. Summer is a time of abundance. A calf weighs about 35 pounds at birth and can gain up to 8 times its weight by winter. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/118/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4062_PSE.jpg Elk Cow and Calf in a Meadow A cow elk and her calf forage in a field of blooming Arnica wildflowers. Arnica grows in abundance and is a valuable source of nutrition for wildlife. It is very important for wildlife to "bulk up" during the summer to get them through the lean winter months. Montana. USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/117/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4055_PSE.jpg Cow Elk and Calf in Meadow A cow elk and its calf are seen in a meadow with flowering Arnica. An elk calfs gestation period is about 245 days and the calves are born with white spots to help them blend into their surroundings. These markings fade by about three months of age. When born calves weigh about 35 pounds, but by its first winter an elk calf may weigh five times as much as when it was born. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/116/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD2466_PSE.jpg Three Cow Elk in the evening As night approaches, two cow elk are on the lookout while one grazes. Elk are quite active in the evening and during the night when they eat, drink and socialize. During the summer they take refuge at elevation to escape the heat. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/115/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1847_PSE.jpg Bull Elk Sleeping A bull elk beds down and sleeps. During the night an elk eats, drinks and socializes. They spend much of the day sleeping. The heavy antlers rest supported by the ground. They are out of velvet are ready for him to do battle in the fight for control of the harem. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/leopard-watching-from-treeg-2/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Leopard-in-Tree_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Lounging Leopard A leopard rests in a tree as it scans the surroundings. Leopards are solitary creatures and are generally nocturnal. As such, they spend a large percentage of the day sleeping in trees. Although not the only African cat to do so, they are the most adept at climbing trees and often stash their kills up high to kept it from other predators. Masai Mara, Kenya, East Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/112/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Leopard-with-2-cubs_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Tired Mother A leopardess can spend up to 80% of her life raising cubs. Caring for the cubs is more than a full-time job and the male plays no active role. Early the cubs are kept in a den and hidden while the mother hunts. Here she rests while one cub nurses and the other has just finished. For the moment, this leopardess enjoys some well-earned rest. But danger is never far for the young, vulnerable cubs. If found by another predator they will be killed immediately. This minimizes the competition for found in the territory. It is estimated that 35% of cubs do not survive, but survival rates depend on where the cubs are raised and the density of other predators. Masai Mara, Kenya, East Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/black-rhino-standing-in-grass/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Black-Rhinocerus-Denoise-AI-Clear-1-ext-edit.jpg Black Rhinoceros Stare A wary black rhino stands out in the open and glares. Black rhinos are notoriously wary and with good reason. They once roamed throughout Africa in large numbers, but populations have been decimated by poachers supplying the illegal rhino horn trade. They have been hunted to extinction in many areas. Aggressive efforts are underway to prevent the further loss of these once abundant animals and allow their populations to recover. Rhino horn is composed primarily of the protein keratin, the same substance found in human fingernails, hair and animal hooves. Their structure is similar to horses hooves, turtle beaks and cockatoo bills. While myths about its medicinal usefulness have been dispelled, demand still exists for it in traditional medicine in several Asian countries. It is also used decoratively, such as for dagger handles due to its translucent appearance when carved. Masai Mara, Kenya https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/108/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Bison---Montana-140_PSE_PSE.jpg Bull Bison samples the Air During the summer rut, a bull bison closely follows a cow while sampling the air for her pheromones. The larger bulls tend to dominate the herd and establish breeding rights, always waiting for the right opportunity to mate. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/107/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Bison---Montana-143_PSE.jpg Bison Bull and Cow Foraging A bison bull and cow graze together during the summer in the mountains of Montana. Foraging and grazing are very important to the ecosystem. Grazing opens up cleared patches in which hardwoods can flourish. In turn, this promotes diversity in the ecosystem. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/106/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Bison---Montana-210_PSE_PSE.jpg American Bison Bull and Cow A bison bull and cow pause while grazing during the summer months in Montana. Bison have four-chambered stomachs that allow for the absorption of fibrous plant material that is hard to breakdown. Their foraging has a great influence on the prairie ecosystem. Grazing in the grassy areas allows woody vegetation to flourish in a grass-dominated landscape, resulting in a diverse landscape of plant species. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/105/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Bison---Montana-233_PSE_PSE.jpg American Bison Cow and Bull A cow bison sniffs the air during the rut in the Montana summer. She is closely followed by the dominant bull that is grazing, but awaiting his opportunity to mate. Montana, usa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/104/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Bison---Montana-255_PSE.jpg Bull Bison and Cow during the Rut A bull bison closely follows a cow during the summer rut in Montana. After establishing dominance, the bull earns the right to mate and stays close to the cow, awaiting for her to begin estrus. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/103/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Bison---Montana-134.jpg American Bison Flehmen Response A male bison exhibits the flehmen response. During mating, the male will sniff the air to pick up phermones produced by the female. He directs these to an olfactory organ in the roof of his mouth. In this way he can sense whether the female is ready to mate. He will often follow her closely, waiting for the right time. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/102/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2689_PSE_PSE.jpg Bedded Bull Moose High up in the mountains of Montana, a bull moose rests and chews its cud after browsing amongst the alpine vegetation. In all ruminants, the rumen acts as a big fermentation vat. Fermentation is the breaking down or digestion of food in the absence of oxygen. Bacteria and protozoa in the rumen supply enzymes to break down the fiber in the moose's food. The tiny organisms in the rumen also help to build proteins from the food and manufacture all of the B vitamins needed by the animal.When roughage is eaten by the moose, it is chewed on, soaked with saliva, and then swallowed. The roughage travels from the esophagus to the rumen, where micro-organisms break down and ferment food particles. At regular intervals, the reticulum forces a bolus of food, called "the cud" back up the esophagus into the moose's mouth for it to re-chew. It is swallowed again. Eventually, the cud contains very small particles that continue on through the digestive tract. This entire process is called rumination. A moose will chew its cud for about 8 hours a day. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/101/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2675_PSE_PSE.jpg A Bull Moose rests in a Mountain Clearing A bull moose rests in a clearing in the mountains of Montana. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/100/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2662_PSE.jpg Bull Moose on Rock Shelf A bull moose stands on a rock ledge in Montana in the summer Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/99/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2644_PSE.jpg A bull Moose walks uphill High in the mountains of Montana, a bull moose donning its summer velvet browses on his own. Later, as his antlers mature and strong from a summer of eating in abundance, he will seek out cows for a chance to mate. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/98/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2629_PSE_PSE.jpg Bull Moose Looking High in the mountains of Montana, a bull moose with its antlers encased in velvet pauses and looks. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/97/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2615_PSE_PSE.jpg Bull Moose with Antlers in Velvet A bull moose with its antlers encased in velvet, pauses while browsing high in the mountains of Montana Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/96/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2601_PSE_PSE.jpg Bull Moose and Grinnell Lake A bull moose with its antlers in velvet browses high above an alpine lake Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/95/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED2586_PSE-2_PSE_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Bull Moose Browsing With its antlers encased in velvet and to escape the summer heat, a bull moose browses at altitude. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/94/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3267_PSE_PSE.jpg Mountain Goat among Summer Wildflowers Mountain goats stay at elevation during the summer months when food is abundant. There, grasses and wildflowers flourish and provide plenty of food. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/93/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3241_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Mountain Goat Sporting its summer coat, a mountain goat pauses in the alpine tundra in Montana. Later, it will develop a long, thick, heavy coat to combat winter's chill. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/92/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3184_PSE.jpg Mountain Goat Grazing A Mountain Goat grazes among the wildflowers and grasses during the summer, a time of plenty. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/91/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3142_PSE.jpg Mountain Goat and Wildflowers A Mountain Goat grazes on Wildflowers above Hidden Lake Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/90/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3138_PSE_PSE.jpg Mountain Goat Grazing A mountain goat grazes in the alpine tundra near Reynolds Mountain in Glacier National Park. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/89/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3118_PSE_PSE.jpg A Mountain Goat grazes among the Wildflowers A Mountain Goat grazes above Hidden Lake in the summer in Glacier National Park. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/88/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3101_PSE.jpg Grazing Mountain Goat A Mountain Goat grazes among the alpine wildflowers in the summer Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/87/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3082_PSE_PSE.jpg A Mountain Goat scans the Alpine Tundra A Mountain Goat Stands among the Summer Wildflowers Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/86/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3023_PSE.jpg Mountain Goat walks above Treeline Above treeline, A Mountain Goat walks among the Wildflowers Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/85/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3017_PSE_PSE.jpg Mountain Goat Animalscape A Mountain Goat stands among the Wildflowers in Summer Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/84/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3008_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Mountain Goat AnimalScape A mountain goat walks among the wildflowers in its summer habitat high up in the mountains. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/83/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED3326_PSE.jpg Mountain Goat and Lake Resting amongst a field of wildflowers, a mountain goat surveys the scene high up in the mountains. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/82/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1335_PSE.jpg Mountain Goat Chewing A Mountain Goat chews its cud while resting in a field of wildflowers. In all ruminants, the rumen acts as a big fermentation vat. Fermentation is the breaking down or digestion of food in the absence of oxygen. Bacteria and protozoa in the rumen supply enzymes to break down the fiber in the goat's feed. The tiny organisms in the rumen also help to build proteins from the feed and manufacture all of the B vitamins needed by the animal. When roughage is eaten by the goat, it is chewed on, soaked with saliva, and then swallowed. The roughage travels from the esophagus to the rumen, where micro-organisms break down and ferment food particles. At regular intervals, the reticulum forces a bolus of food, called "the cud" back up the esophagus into the goat's mouth for the goat to re-chew. It is swallowed again. Eventually, the cud contains very small particles that continue on through the digestive tract. This entire process is called rumination. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/80/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED5043_PSE_PSE.jpg Two Black Bear Cubs on log Black Bear Cub watching sibling Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/79/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4955_PSE.jpg Black Bear Cub on Log A black bear cub rests and plays on fallen timber towards the end of summer. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/78/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4754_PSE_PSE.jpg Black Bear Sow and Cub eating Berries Black Bear Sow and Cub eating Berries Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/77/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4617_PSE_PSE.jpg Black Bear Sow Eating Berries Black Bear Sow gorges on Berries in August Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/76/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4549-ext-edit_PSE.jpg Black Bear Eating Berries A black bear sow feasts on berries in preparation for winter. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/75/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4531_PSE_PSE.jpg Black Bear Sow Black Bear Sow eating Berries Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/74/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4385-ext-edit_PSE.jpg Black Bear Cubs eating Berries Two Black Bear Cubs enjoy the fruiting berries in preparation for winter. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/73/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4887_PSE.jpg Smokin' Bear Cub A black bear cub at play on deadfall in Montana. Montana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/72/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED4871_PSE.jpg Black Bear Cub on Log Black Bear Cub Chews on a Broken Branch Monatana, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/71/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_7308_PSE_PSE_2-1-crop.jpg Brown Pelican Head Front View A close-up, frontal view of a Brown Pelican in mating plumage discretely keeping his eyes on the photographer. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/70/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_7279_PSE_PSE.jpg Brown Pelican Head Brown Pelican in Breeding Plumage Close-up South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/68/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_7229_PSE.jpg Brown Pelican Feathers Close-up view of Brown Pelican feathers revealing some of the subtleties seen in breeding plumage. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/66/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_7154_PSE.jpg Brown Pelican on Rail Brown Pelican in Breeding Plumage on Rail South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/65/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_7375_PSE-2_PSE_2-1-crop.jpg Brown Pelican A Brown Pelican in Breeding Plumage. The vertical, panoramic orientation emphasizes the long neck and bill of this species. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/64/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Wet-Possumhaw-Berries-2.jpg Possumhaw in the rain Deciduous holly or possum haw is a small deciduous tree or shrub,15-30 ft. tall, with pale gray, twiggy, horizontal branches. Possum haw tolerates wet soil and is often found wild in wet woods. Opossums, raccoons, other mammals, songbirds, and gamebirds will eat the fruit. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/63/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sea-Oat-Silhouette-at-Sunset-ME.jpg Sea Oats and Sun Sea Oats (Uniola paniculata) is a long lived, slow growing, warm season, perennial grass commonly associated with the upper dunes along beach fronts. Sea oats is very drought tolerant, will tolerate salt spray and produces a massive root system. It prefers full sun and thrives in areas with blowing sand. It is an important contributor to the stabilization of protective sand dunes along the coast. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/62/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Sunrise-over-the-Ocean--4_PSET_PSE-ext-edit_PSE.jpg Gentle Breakers at Sunrise Sunrise at an ocean beach is an ever-changing affair. Each day is different, and in fact with each breaking wave a unique scene unfolds. The clouds and sun can add drama, or if they fail to show can make for a blasé sunrise. You're never quite sure what you are going to get. But there is near-universal appeal of the sunrise, no doubt one of the most common types of landscape photographs made. Not so easy to take (or process), but when the conditions are right, they are hard to beat. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/61/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Gaillardia-Bloom-and-Boardwalk-1_PSE-2.jpg Boardwalk and Gaillardia A Boardwalk through dunes helps protect the Gaillardia pulchella flowers, also referred to as blanket flowers, or fire-wheels. These dunes have been restored, allowing natural wildflowers to bloom in the summer on this South Carolina dune. These colorful and beautiful flowers also serve to stabilize the sand, protecting the dunes from erosion. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/60/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Gaillardia-and-dunes-with-sky-2_PSE_PSE.jpg Gaillardia Flowering Gaillardia, also known as Indian Blanket or Firewheel, flowers on the dunes in the Summer in South Carolina. Preservation of these annual plants can help stabilize the erosion of dunes. SC, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/59/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Dunes-Sunrise-with-Vines_PSE-2.jpg Dunes, Sea Oats and Beach Morning Glory Dunes, Sea Oats and Fiddle Leaf Morning Glory grow in the dunes along a coastal beach. Sea oats is a long lived, slow growing, warm season, perennial grass commonly associated with the upper dunes along beach fronts. It is very drought tolerant, and will tolerate salt spray and brief inundation with salt water. It thrives in areas with blowing sand, and plays a vital role in shoreline stabilization. As a result, in many areas it is protected. Beach morning glory (Ipomoea imperati) is a trailing evergreen vine with showy white flowers. It typically blooms in summer and fall but may bloom year-round. It occurs naturally on coastal dunes where it is also an important sand stabilizer. Although not seen here, the flowers bloom in the morning and begin to wilt and close up by afternoon, hence the common name "morning glory." South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/58/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_9417_PSE.jpg Three Great Blue heron chicks in nest with mother A Great Blue Heron and its young looking into nest South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/57/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_9382_PSE.jpg Great Blue Heron on nest with hatchling A Great Blue Heron looks down on its young hatchling South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/56/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0222_PSE.jpg Great Blue Heron with young in nest Great Blue Heron with young in nest South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/55/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_9891.jpg Anhinga on nest Anhinga sits on the nest in the rain South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/54/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_9788_PSE.jpg Great Egret tending to the nest A great egret tends to her eggs in the nest South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/53/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_9627_PSE_PSE.jpg Female Anhinga on Nest Female Anhinga on Nest South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/52/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0141_PSE.jpg Anhinga Male Nest building A Male Anhinga reaches for Spanish Moss to line a nest South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/51/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_9210_PSE.jpg Juvenile Alligator Juvenile American Alligator Thermoregulating on a log South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/49/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Bryce-Canyon-Sunrise-in-Winter-1-of-2_PSE_PSE.jpg Bryce Canyon in winter Bryce Canyon Hoodoos during Winter Bryce Canyon, Utah, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/delicate-arch-with-storm-clouds/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Delicate-Arch-with-Storm_PSE_PSE-2-2.jpg Delicate Arch with Approaching Storm Delicate Arch is one of the most beautiful rock arches in the famous Arches National Park in Utah. It can be difficult to get photos without a lot of people in the frame, but an approaching thunderstorm kept some of the visitors away. Arches National Park, Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/47/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/269-047_PSE_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Metate Arch Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument is one of many parks found in Utah. Covering 640 acres of land inside the monument lies Devils Garden, a well-known site to explore. This area showcases the rock formations of the Navajo sandstone as hoodoos, domes, narrow passages, and small arches are found there. The strange-shaped Metate Arch lies within the Devils Garden. Utah, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/46/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/IMG_0018-2_PSE-1.jpg Rare Snowfall A delicate snow blankets the oaks and grasses at the water's edge of a freshwater marsh. Since temperatures are moderated by the nearby ocean, snow accumulation is short-lived and rarely seen in coastal South Carolina. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/45/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Great-Egret-in-Snow-HBSP.jpg Great Egret fishing just after a rare snowstorm in South Carolina Murrells Inlet, South Carolina , USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/red-maple-leaves-on-small-branch/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Red-Maple-Leaves-on-small-branch_PSE_PSE_PSE-3.jpg Red Maple leaves in Fall The chemical compound chlorophyll allows photosynthesis to happen. It's also what makes leaves look green throughout the Spring an Summer. During the Fall, the shortening days and colder nights trigger the trees to prepare for winter. Photosynthesis shuts down, and chlorophyll fades from the leaves, allowing other colors to emerge. Red in maple leaves comes from anthocyanin, an anti-oxidant that also makes reds and purples in fruits and vegetables. Anthocyanin protects leaves from disease and drought, repairs leaf damage, and acts as a natural sunscreen.During the fall, as the stems of maple leaves shut off from a tree's branches, leftover glucose trapped in the leaves is used to increase the level of anthocyanin. Chilly nights that stay above freezing promote anthocyanin production. One theory suggests that anthocyanin from the fallen leaves gets absorbed into the soil around the base of the tree, protecting the tree while it's dormant and preventing competing plants from taking root. Acadia National Park, Maine, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/43/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maple-Tree-Falls-Colors---MI-2_ME_PSE-2.jpg Maple and Ferns in Fall The chemical compound chlorophyll allows photosynthesis to happen. It's also what makes leaves look green throughout the Spring an Summer. During the Fall, the shortening days and colder nights trigger the trees to prepare for winter. Photosynthesis shuts down, and chlorophyll fades from the leaves, allowing other colors to emerge. Red in maple leaves comes from anthocyanin, an anti-oxidant that also makes reds and purples in fruits and vegetables. Anthocyanin protects leaves from disease and drought, repairs leaf damage, and acts as a natural sunscreen.During the fall, as the stems of maple leaves shut off from a tree's branches, leftover glucose trapped in the leaves is used to increase the level of anthocyanin. Chilly nights that stay above freezing promote anthocyanin production. One theory suggests that anthocyanin from the fallen leaves gets absorbed into the soil around the base of the tree, protecting the tree while it's dormant and preventing competing plants from taking root. Michigan, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/42/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9388.jpg Blackwater River Reflections A calm blackwater river reflects the sky and leafless cypress trees in early winter. Coastal South Carolina https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/41/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6342-Pano_PSE_PSE-166-1-2.jpg Maroon Bells and Maroon Lake in Autumn The Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness near Aspen is an iconic, stunningly beautiful area. The peaks of the Maroon Bells rise to 14,163 ft and sit in a glacially-carved valley. Wonderful at any time of the year, to me the best viewing conditions are in the fall when the golden leaves of the aspen trees and the snow-capped mountains are reflected in a calm Maroon Lake. But you won't be alone, it is a wildly popular area...For good reason. Aspen, Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/40/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/367A6227-Pano_PSE-2.66-1-36x96-244.jpg Maroon Bells Fall Panorama The Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness near Aspen is an iconic, stunningly beautiful area. The peaks of the Maroon Bells rise to 14,163 ft and sit in a glacially-carved valley. The best conditions are in the fall when the leaves of the aspen trees turn golden and the mountains are snow-capped. Aspen, Colorado, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/39/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Maroon-Bells-and-Maroon-Lake-69-of-99_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Maroon Bells Autumn Reflection The Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness near Aspen is an iconic, stunningly beautiful area. The peaks of the Maroon Bells rise to 14,163 ft and sit in a glacially-carved valley. The best conditions are in the fall when Maroon Lake is calm, reflecting the golden leaves of the aspen trees and the snow-capped mountains. Aspen, Colorado https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/38/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Great-Egret-Displaying_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Great Egret Displaying Great Egret in mating plumage displaying South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/37/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Ricefields-Pan-2_PSE_PSE-2_PSE_PSE.jpg Cypress trees at sunset The bald cypress is a native tree to the southeastern United States and are found all along the blackwater rivers of South Carolina. These trees are very photogenic due to their beautiful shapes and form, with branches that are often draped with clumps of Spanish moss. Cypress trees are well-adapted to wet conditions along riverbanks and swamps, where soak up floodwaters, prevent erosion and provide for wildlife habitat. They are known for growing "knees", a special kind of root called a pneumatophore, which means "air-bearing." Pneumatophores grow from horizontal roots just below the surface and protrude upward from the ground or water. It is thought that the pneumatophores function to transport air to drowned roots underground. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/36/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Winter-Waterfowl-1144_PSE_PSE.jpg Red-winged Blackbird Flock Red-winged Blackbirds congregate in the winter in Eastern North Carolina. They feed on the abundant grain that helps them through the colder months. NorthCarolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/35/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Winter-Waterfowl-2617_PSE-2.jpg Red-winged Blackbird Flock In the Winter, Red-winged Blackbirds congregate in Eastern North Carolina. Fields are maintained to provide an abundant food source throughout the colder months. North Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/34/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Three-Painted-Turtles-on-a-log.jpg Three Painted Turtles Three Painted Turtles bask on a log. Being cold-blooded, turtles regulate their temperature using the sun and water to warm or cool their bodies. SC, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/33/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Spiny-Softshell-Turtle.jpg Spiny Softshell Turtle Spiny softshell turtle basking on a log SC, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/32/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Painted-Turtle-Pan_.jpg Painted Turtles Basking on a Log Painted turtles are communal and are frequently seen basking in the sun. As reptiles, they do this to regulate their body temperatures. SC, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/31/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD9978-ext-edit_PSE.jpg Foggy Moonset with Great Egret Mist arises and a fog is lifting in the early morning along a blackwater river in South Carolina. The moon sets over the still marsh. An Great Egret has flown in to begin fishing. Pawleys Island, SC, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/30/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD0032-Pano-ext-edit_PSE-1-2.66.jpg Morning fog along Waccamaw River The blackwater rivers along the coast of South Carolina were once one of the most productive regions for growing rice, the Carolina Gold variety. These rivers are freshwater, but tidal in nature due to their proximity to the ocean. This allowed the impoundments to be filled with water as the tides rose, their water levels controlled with trunk locks. Now, most are slowly reverting back to their natural states. Waccamaw River, SC, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/29/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Angel-Oak-Pan-3-all-out-2-5-ratio-crop-PSE_BW.jpg Angel Oak Panorama On Johns Island outside of Charleston, SC, there lives an impressive live oak that is estimated to be 300-500 years old. This protected tree is reputed to be the largest live oak east of the Mississippi. It was destined to be cut down but efforts to preserve the tree and surrounding land were successful. As a reference for scale and to truly appreciate the size of the tree, please check in the "Man in Nature" gallery on this website where a visitor stands next to the tree. Johns Island, SC, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/28/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Angel-Oak-Pan-3-all-out-3-2-Crop-PSE_PSE.jpg Angel Oak Black and White On Johns Island outside of Charleston, SC, there lives an impressive live oak that is estimated to be 300-500 years old. This protected tree is reputed to be the largest live oak east of the Mississippi. It was destined to be cut down but efforts to preserve the tree and surrounding land were successful. As a reference for scale and to truly appreciate the size of the tree, please check in the "Man in Nature" gallery on this website where a visitor stands next to the tree. Johns Island, SC, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/27/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Angel-Oak-Pan-3-all-out-except-sign-and-girl-2-3-Ratio-Crop-1.jpg Angel Oak with admirer The Angel Oak on Johns Island, SC, is an oft-visited giant. Reputed to be the largest live oak east of the Mississippi, its scale is easily-appreciated as it easily dwarfs an admiring visitor. It is reputed to be 300 - 500 years old. Johns Island, SC https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/26/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Angel-Oak-Pan-3-all-out-3-2-ratio-crop-2_PSE.jpg Angel Oak On Johns Island outside of Charleston, SC, there lives an impressive live oak that is estimated to be 300-500 years old. This protected tree is reputed to be the largest live oak east of the Mississippi. It was destined to be cut down but efforts to preserve the tree and surrounding land were successful. As a reference for scale and to truly appreciate the size of the tree, please check in the "Man in Nature" gallery on this website where a visitor stands next to the tree. Johns Island, SC https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/25/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD1572_PSE_PSE.jpg Crabtree Falls Portrait Crabtree Falls is an iconic waterfall found just off the Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina. A moderate-strenuous 2.5 hike will take you to these falls, beautiful during any season, but seen here in the summer. North Carolina https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/24/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Waccamaw-March-2023-386_PSE_PSE-2.jpg Atlantic Spring Sunrise The sun rises over a calm Atlantic Ocean in the spring. The foliage has not yet greened-up for the summer, and the sea oats remain battered from the strong winter winds. Yet the sea oats and grasses remain important sand stabilizers of the dunes throughout the year. South Carolina, USA https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/23/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Waccamaw-March-2023-99-HDR_PSE_PSE.jpg Cypress Trees and reflected sky after sunset Once used for growing rice due to the fresh water and their tidal nature, blackwater rivers along the coast of South Carolina are slowly reverting back to their natural states. With the rice-field filled at high tide, the cypress trees and the colorful sky are reflected in the stillness of the water just after sunset. South Carolina https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/painted-wolves-running-down-cape-buffalo/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_2063_PSE_PSE.jpg Painted Wolves Hunting Cape Buffalo Painted wolves such as these in Zambia's Lower Zambezi National Park are cursorial. Several adaptations allow them to chase prey for long distances and at speed. They are comparatively lean and tall, possess graceful skeletons, and the loss of the first digit on their forefeet increases their stride and speed. As such, they are diurnal and initiate hunts simply by walking up to prey and starting the chase. Successful hunts rely on the pack's stamina, teamwork and cooperation. During prolonged chases, the wolves try to separate out weak or injured animals, pursuing them to exhaustion. Painted Wolves typically prey on medium-sized antelopes such as Impala. Cape Buffalo are large, strong, tough and irritable, but this pack has been quite successful in hunting them. lower Zambezi National Park, Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/painted-wolves-chasing-cape-buffalo-through-the-forest/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_911_PSE-2_PSE_PSE.jpg Painted Wolves chasing Cape Buffalo through the Forest Africa's painted wolves have been known by several names including the African wild dog, African hunting dog, Cape hunting dog, painted hunting dog and painted dog. Whatever they are called there is no denying they are formidable predators. The Painted wolves are specialists in pack hunting, generally pursuing medium sized antelopes. Built for speed and endurance, chases frequently occur over several kilometers at speeds up to 66 km/hr during which they chase larger prey to exhaustion. Teamwork and communication help the painted wolves rank among the most successful hunters in Africa with success rates of more than 60%. A pack of Painted Wolves in Zambia's Lower Zambezi National Park has grown to over 20 and has now taken to hunting the very formidable Cape Buffalo. The chase of the thundering herd has kicked up a dust cloud. That, combined with the action and the contrasty light filtering through the trees nicely sets the atmosphere of this image. Lower Zambezi National Park, Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/an-african-painted-wolf-regurgitates-meat-for-pups/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220919_238_PSE_PSE_PSE-crop-2-3.jpg African Painted Wolf regurgitates meal for pups The endangered painted wolves of Africa are social animals, hunting together and communally raising pups. Early on pups are kept in the den and nursed while the rest of the pack hunts. They begin eating solid food at around three weeks of age and are fully weaned by about five weeks when they are fed regurgitated food by other pack members. By seven weeks they begin to take on an adult appearance. They abandon the den completely by around 8-10 weeks and follow the pack, although not yet participating in the hunt. Upon the return of the pack from a successful hunt, young pups can be seen begging for food by whining, face-licking and pushing on the corner of the adult's mouth. This triggers the regurgitation of solid chunks of meat as seen here. You can see the anticipation in the eyes of the pups as they await their meal. South Luangwa National Park, Zambia https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/a-leopard-cubs-upward-gaze/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AZ_ZA__220925_411-Enhanced-NR.jpg Leopard Cubs' upward Gaze A nearly mature leopard cub sits on a log intently staring up. In the tree above, its mother feasts on an impala kill perched safely up in a tree. Once satiated, the mother allowed the cub to join her. Leopards are generally solitary creatures but females typically spend a substantial amount of their adult life raising cubs. After leaving the den at around three months of age they cubs are quite vulnerable and dependent on their mother for food and protection. From their mother they learn how to hunt and survive. With time, they reach independence and separate to seek out their own territories. South Luangwa National Park, Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/breeding-herd-of-african-elephants-dust-bathing-near-sunset/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220916_230_PSE-2-166-1_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE.jpg Herd of Elephants Dust-bathing Late in the day, a breeding herd of elephants pauses to drink and dust bathe at a waterhole. Dust bathing is thought to protect an elephant's skin from sunburn, to aid in temperature regulation and to keep parasites at bay. It may also help to shed keratinized skin. Lower Zambezi National Park, Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/desert-adapted-black-rhino-among-euphorbia-bushes/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/untitled_221011_477-Pano_PSE-5_PSE-2-1-25-crop.jpg Desert-adapted black rhino among Euphorbia Bushes Damaraland in Northwestern Namibia, lies just East of Skeleton Coast National Park and receives very little rainfall. Yet this surreal basalt landscape is home to nearly 70% of the world's population of free-ranging black rhinos such as this one in the Torra conservancy. With limited food and water in this environment, rhinos feed mostly on the drought resistant Euphorbia damarana bush which survives well in this harsh, arid, rocky terrain. Euphorbia produces thick, milky sap toxic to most species but rhinos, gemsbok and kudus eat it without ill-effects. If it weren't difficult enough for these rhinos to survive, even in this remote location poaching remains a threat. This rhino has been dehorned to increase its chances of survival. Rhinos in the Torra conservancy are protected by a dedicated group of individuals who look over this population. Damaraland, Northwestern Namibia https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/painted-wolves-chasing-cape-buffalo-through-forest--painted-wol/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_911_PSE_PSE.jpg Painted Wolves chasing Cape Buffalo through Forest Painted Wol The African Painted Wolf hunts by directly approaching its prey silently, then initiating chase when the panicked animals run. No stealth is involved. Pursuit speeds can range up to 66 km/hr (41 mph) and go on for 10-60 minutes. As seen in this hunt through the forest of Zambia's Lower Zambezi National Park, large prey animals are repeatedly bitten on the legs, belly, and rump until it stops running and is exhausted. The dynamics of this hunt can easily be appreciated by the rising cloud of dust, which nicely adds to the atmosphere of this image. The Painted Wolves are shown working together, even herding the buffalo as they hunt. Lower Zambezi National Park, Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/cape-buffalo-are-separated-from-the-larger-herd-and-pursued-thro/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_411_PSE-2_PSE-Crop-and-branches-Highlights-out_PSE.jpg Cape Buffalo hunted by African Painted Wolves Africa's Painted Wolves have been known by several names including the African Wild Dog, African Hunting Dog, Cape Hunting Dog, Painted Hunting Dog and Painted Dog among others. They hunt by coursing, simply walking up to the prey to initiate a chase. Once started, they can run long distances at speeds up to 66 km/hr. Together they work to divide the herd, focusing on the weak, injured or younger members. Once exhausted the prey is eventually caught. Lower Zambezi National Park, Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/a-cape-buffalo-attempts-to-rescue-a-calf-surrounded-by-painted-w/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_712_PSE-4_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE-166-to-1.jpg Cape Buffalo and Painted Wolves Cape Buffalos will frequently attempt to rescue one of their herd, and they often succeed for they are very tough and do not give up easily. But this attempt rallies some of the Painted Wolves in the pack that just seconds before were resting after the chase. It was size and strength against persistence and numbers. A vulture takes to the air to avoid the tussle. Lower Zambezi National Park, Zambia https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/angry-elephant-staring-down-africas-painted-wolves-hunting-ca/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/AF_ZA__220915_436_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE_PSE-2-1.jpg Angry Elephant confronting African Painted Wolves African Painted Wolves will chase their prey to exhaustion trying to separate weak or injured animals from the herd. During these hunts, the forest is overcome with commotion and filled with clouds of dust creating a surreal atmosphere. Most animals frantically scurry about to avoid becoming a target. However, an angry elephant will stand tall, increasing its height by raising its head and chin and look down at an adversary over its tusks. It will hold its head higher, open its eyes wider, raise its trunk and spread its ears to intimidate a perceived threat. It will look directly at its adversary abruptly shaking its head followed by quick rotation from side to side. These hunters were not intimidated and ran by as they remained intently focused on their prey. Lower Zambezi National Park, Zambia, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/nile-crocodile-threat-display/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Nile-Croc-Threat.jpg Nile Crocodile Threat Display Like all crocodilians, the Nile Crocodiles along the Zambezi River are ectotherms, regulating their body temperature by leaving the water to bask in the sun, or seeking shade or cooler water when necessary. Mouth-gaping is also essential to thermoregulation, but should not be confused with the threat display seen here. Quite at home in the water, the crocodile is more vulnerable on land where it has to rely on its short limbs for locomotion and can only cover short distances before tiring. They can seem slow and sluggish but are actually quite fast and agile while hunting and defending. They seek water when alarmed. Crocodiles have a powerful bite and can apply 5,000 pounds of pressure per square inch, among the strongest bites of any animal in the world. They have between 60-110 sharp, conical teeth that sink into flesh allowing a strong grip. Lower Zambezi National Park, Zimbabwe https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/elephant-exhibiting-aggressive-behavior-after-dust-bathing-2/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_RED6930-2-ext-edit-ext-edit-2_PSE.jpg Elephant Warning After drinking at a waterhole during the dry season, this elephant retreated to enjoy a dust bath. The late afternoon light gave nice color to the backlit scene, lighting up the dust it kicked up. When this elephant began to show signs of aggression, I slowly backed off and give it space. There are many signs of aggression an elephants may exhibit when upset. They will use their trunks, ears and movements of its head to indicate their displeasure. They hold their ears out making them appear larger, while shaking their head from side to side and perhaps contorting and twisting their trunk. An angry elephant will stand tall, increasing its height by raising its head and chin and look down at an adversary over its tusks. They will rock or swing one of the feet up and down, kicking up dust. These signs are their way of letting you know they are uncomfortable, and that you should back off and give them space. Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/elephant-exhibiting-aggressive-behavior-after-dust-bathing/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Aggressive-Elephant_PSE.jpg Elephant Aggression after Dust Bath After drinking at a waterhole during the dry season this elephant retreated to enjoy a dust bath. This created a nice atmosphere with a cloud of dust behind him, backlit by the sun. There are many signs of aggression elephants may exhibit when upset. They will use their trunks, ears and movements of their head to warn of this aggression. The ears are held out to make them look larger, they will shake their head from side to side and may raise their trunk. An angry elephant will stand tall, increasing its height by raising its head and chin, and look down over its tusks at an adversary. They will often rock a foot, swinging one of them up and down while kicking up dust. These signs are their way of letting you know they are uncomfortable and that you should give them space or risk a charge. Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/common-eland-muscled-away-by-a-cape-buffalo/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Eland-and-Buffalo.jpg Bigger and Meaner During the dry season, the availability of water decreases and many animals are forced to share often-scarce water sources. Competition can be fierce. Generally, the larger animals claim the best spots and only when finished do they allow the others to drink. Here a male Common Eland, Africa's largest antelope, is "Nudged" away by a more aggressive and tougher Cape Buffalo who wanted that spot. Although there first, the Eland wisely yields, knowing that a Cape Buffalo is notoriously ill-tempered. Kanga Pan in Mana Pools National Park in Zimbabwe is a popular drinking spot as it's the only permanent water source within a 20km radius. This park has been ravaged by drought in recent years and water pumped into the pan from deep boreholes has been lifesaving for many animals. Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/young-elephant-after-a-mud-bath/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Young-Elephant-Mud-Bath.jpg Young Elephant exiting a Mud Bath The average adult elephant drinks about 40 to 60 gallons a day. In times of drought elephants must migrate to areas where water is more plentiful. The excitement is palpable as an elephant heard reaches a water source. Many begin trotting to speed up their pace. They drink by pulling water into their trunks then squirting it into their mouths 1-2 gallons at a time. If enough water is available, they will spray it over their backs with their trunks to help stay cool. This can be followed by a mud bath for additional cooling and to protect its skin from the sun and parasites. The young seem to enjoy it the most, frolicking and splashing about in the water Kanga Pan in Mana Pools National Park in Zimbabwe is a popular drinking spot as it's the only permanent water source within a 20km radius. This park has been ravaged by drought in recent years and water pumped into the pan from deep boreholes has been lifesaving for many animals. Kanga Pan, Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/two-male-lions-exhibiting-the-flehmen-response/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/_DMD4272_PSE-3_PSE_PSE-Crop-2-3.jpg Male Lions Flehmen Response The Flehmen response (also called Flehmening or Flehming) occurs when an animal senses the urine of another. The animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth and inhales, often with the nostrils closed. Although it looks somewhat menacing, it is not to be confused with a threat display. Animals use it to gain information about the other animal that excreted the urine. These two lion brothers were "hot on the trail" of a pride to which they did not belong. The pride had moved away, perhaps trying to avoid a confrontation. Male lions from outside of the pride are likely to kill any young cubs they did not father. The death of the cubs brings the females of the pride into estrus, with the possibility of subsequent mating. Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/marabou-stork-portrait/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/Marabou-Stork-Portrait.jpg Marabou Stork Portrait The Marabou Stork is a massive bird with a naked head and long neck adapted to scavenging. Its bare head is easier to keep clean, as feathers would quickly become contaminated with blood and other substances while feeding on corpses. It is opportunistic, feeding on carrion, scraps, feces and small animals such as fish frogs and insects, consuming just about any animal matter. In Northern Tanzania, near the Ngorongoro Crater, this Marabou Stork posed nicely for me. There are a host of interesting colors and textures on its head, face and skin that I find interesting. I am particularly drawn to the incompletely formed feathers and tangled "hairs" on its head. Some have categorized this bird as one of Africa's "Ugly Five", along with the warthog, hyena, vulture and wildebeest. But I am continually amazed at the adaptations and specializations found in nature. Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, East Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/photo/nile-crocodiles-scavenging-a-wildebeest-carcass/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/images/xl/DRED8474-ext-edit_PSE_PSE-2-1-crop.jpg Nile Crocodiles Scavenging a Wildebeest Carcass The Nile crocodile is the largest crocodilian in Africa and are among the most feared predators on earth. In Kenya's Masai Mara, large numbers of crocodiles gather each year anticipating the annual wildebeest migration. Many wildebeest are preyed upon as they cross the Mara River, but a fair number succumb to drowning. Nile crocodiles are both carnivores and scavengers. Crocodiles cannot chew their prey as their jaws cannot move sideways, so they simply swallow large chunks of meat. Any attempt to swallow the food underwater would result in a considerable amount of water being ingested, so the crocodile tips its head back and flicks the food to the back of its mouth. The palatal valve is opened allowing the food to enter its esophagus. Masai Mara, Kenya, East Africa https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/news/ https://www.mikolnaturephotos.com/contact/