Roosevelt bull elk during the rut is soaked in urine and mud in California, USA

Roosevelt Elk Bull during the Rut

California, USA

During the rut bull elks bugle and rub trees, shrubs, and the ground with their antlers to attract cows, and intimidate other bulls. They will coat themselves with urine which acts as a "perfume" to attract cows. A thorough mud covering cools off an over-heated bull, spreads his scent evenly over has body, and makes him look even more imposing.

Sometimes, violent clashes occur to decide which bull is dominant. Before a battle begins, two bulls will bugle and repeatedly thrash the ground with their antlers. They might march side by side, then suddenly turn, walk farther, or begin their fight. Usually, bulls more equal in size battle to gain the right to mate when the cows come into estrus.

Photo © copyright by Dr. Edward Mikol.

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